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1 klein
I Adj.1. small (auch kleingewachsen); bes. attr. und gefühlsbetont: little; (winzig) tiny; Finger, Zehe: little; Buchstabe: small; ein rundlicher kleiner Mann a chubby little man; sie ist von uns allen die Kleinste she is the smallest of us; als ich noch klein war when I was a little boy ( oder girl); er ist doch noch klein he’s only small ( oder a child); zu einem Kind: he’s much smaller than you, remember; von klein auf from an early age, since childhood, since I was etc. a child; kleine Augen haben (müde aussehen) look tired; da wurde er ganz klein fig. that cut him down to size; (er schwieg dann) that shut him up; könnt ihr euch klein machen? fig. can you make yourselves thin ( oder squeeze up a bit) ?2. (unbedeutend) small ( auch Stimme); Fehler, Vergehen etc.: little, minor; kleine Rolle small ( oder bit) part; kleiner Bauer / Geschäftsmann small farmer / businessman; seine kleinen Intrigen / Launen his little intrigues / moods; es ist ein kleiner Anfang it’s just a start; der kleine Mann the man in the street; kleine Leute ordinary people; aus kleinen Verhältnissen stammen come from a humble background; und er hat daran kein kleines Verdienst and it’s no small thanks to him4. Pause, Unterbrechung etc.: short, brief8. in Wendungen: umg.: es klein haben (Betrag) have the right change; klein, aber fein good things come in small packages; klein, aber oho! umg. a mighty midget, Person: auch a pocket dynamo; Geschäft 6, ÜbelII Adv.1. small; klein gedruckt in small print; siehe auch Kleingedruckte; klein gemustert with a small pattern, small-patterned; klein gehackt finely chopped; klein hacken chop (up) fine; klein machen (Holz) chop up; (Geldschein) change; klein schneiden (Holz, Fleisch etc.) cut up into small pieces; ( auf) klein drehen / stellen (Herd etc.) turn down, put on low; den Benzinverbrauch klein halten keep fuel consumption low, keep down fuel consumption2. fig.: klein anfangen start off small, start from small beginnings; klein beigeben give in; klein denken be small-minded; Höflichkeit etc. wird bei ihr klein geschrieben politeness etc. is not one of her priorities; klein machen Kinderspr. do number one* * *short; little; small; exiguous; slight; faint; petit; runty; wee; diminutive; tiny; petty* * *[klain]1. adj1) little, small; Finger little; Format, Gehalt, Rente, Zahl, (Hand)schrift, Buchstabe small; (MUS ) Terz minorder Kleine Bär or Wagen — the Little Bear, Ursa Minor
x ist kléíner als 10 (Math) — x is less than ten
haben Sie es nicht kléíner? — don't you have anything smaller?
ein kléín bisschen or wenig — a little (bit)
ein kléín bisschen or wenig Salat — a little (bit of) salad
kléínes Geld — small change
du kléíner Teufel! — you little devil!
ein süßes kléínes Püppchen — a sweet little thing
hallo, kléíner Mann! — hello, little man
ein schönes kléínes Auto — a nice little car
mit seiner kléínen Frau — with his little wife
ich wusste nicht, dass seine Frau so kléín ist — I didn't know his wife was so small or little
eine kléíne, hübsche Wohnung — a small, pretty flat (Brit) or apartment
eine hübsche kléíne Wohnung — a nice little flat (Brit) or apartment
mein kléíner Bruder — my little brother
er ist kléíner als sein Bruder — he's smaller than his brother
kléín für sein Alter — small or little for his age
macht euch ein bisschen kléíner! — squeeze up closer
kléín aber oho (inf) — small but impressive
ganz kléín (und hässlich) werden (inf) — to look humiliated or deflated
im Kleinen — in miniature
kléíne Kinder kléíne Sorgen, große Kinder große Sorgen (prov) —
um ein Kleines zu... (geh) — a little or a trifle too...
See:kléínen Augenblick, bitte! — just one moment, please
einen Kopf kléíner als jd sein — to be a head shorter than sb
3) (= geringfügig) little, small, slight; Betrag, Summe little, smallbeim kléínsten Schreck — at the slightest or smallest shock
das kléínere Übel — the lesser evil
ein paar kléínere Fehler — a few minor mistakes
eine kléínere Unpässlichkeit — a minor ailment
er ist ein kléíner Geist — he is small-minded
der kléíne Mann — the ordinary citizen, the man in the street
ein kléíner Ganove — a small-time or petty crook
die Kleinen fängt man or werden gehängt, die Großen lässt man laufen (prov) — it's always the big fish that get away
sein Vater war (ein) kléíner Beamter — his father was a minor civil servant
See:→ Fisch5) (= armselig) Verhältnisse humble, lowly, modest6) Prüfung intermediate2. adv1) (= in kleiner Schrift) smaller schreibt sehr kléín — he writes very small, his writing is very small
ein Wort kléín drucken — to print a word without a capital
kléín gedruckt — in small print
kléín gemustert — small-patterned
kléín kariert (Stoff) — finely checked or chequered (Brit) or checkered (US)
See:2)etw kléíner stellen or drehen — to turn sth down
3)kléín anfangen — to start off in a small waykléín beigeben (inf) — to give in
kléín geraten sein (Gegenstand) — to have come out a little (too) small; (Mensch) to be a bit small
kléín gewachsen — short, small; (Baum) small
* * *1) (small in size: He is only a little boy; when she was little (= a child).) little2) (not tall; smaller than usual: a short man.) short3) (little in size, degree, importance etc; not large or great: She was accompanied by a small boy of about six; There's only a small amount of sugar left; She cut the meat up small for the baby.) small4) (not doing something on a large scale: He's a small businessman.) small5) ((of the letters of the alphabet) not capital: The teacher showed the children how to write a capital G and a small g.) small* * *[klain]I. adjsie fährt ein \kleines Auto she drives a small [or little] carsie hat ein schnuckeliges \kleines Auto she's got a nice little carer ist ein \kleiner Schlingel he's a little rascalim \kleinen Format in a small format▪ \klein geschnitten finely choppedetw \klein hacken to chop up sth sep\klein gehackte Zwiebeln finely chopped onionsim K\kleinen on a small scalebis ins K\kleinste [right] down to the smallest detail, in minute detaileinen Kopf \kleiner sein als jd to be a head shorter than sbder \kleine Peter/die \kleine Anna little Peter/Anna[jdm] etw \klein schneiden to cut up sth sep [into small pieces] [for sb]; s.a. Bier, Buchstabe, Finger, Terz, Zeh2. (Kleidung) smallhaben Sie das gleiche Modell auch in \kleiner? do you have the same style but in a size smaller?▪ jdm zu \klein sein to be too small for sbetw \kleiner machen to make sth smaller, to take in [or up] sth sepsein \kleiner Bruder his little [or younger] brothervon \klein auf from childhood [or an early age4. (kurz) shortein \kleiner Vorsprung a short [or small] start5. (kurz dauernd) shorteine \kleine Pause machen to have a short [or little] breakein \klein[es] bisschen [o \klein wenig] a little bit7. (geringer Betrag) smallein \kleines Gehalt a small [or low] salary8. (Wechselgeld) smallhaben Sie es nicht \kleiner? haven't you got anything smaller?9. (geringfügig) smalldie \kleinste Bewegung the slightest movementein \kleiner Fehler/Verstoß a minor mistake/violationeine \kleine Übelkeit a slight feeling of nauseaer fing als \kleiner Portier in dem Hotel an his first job in the hotel was as a lowly porterein \kleiner Bauer a small farmerein \kleiner Ganove a petty [or small-time] crookdie \kleinen Leute ordinary peopleaus \kleinen Verhältnissen stammen to come from a humble background11. (erniedrigt) small12. (weniger intensiv) low13. (in kleiner Schrift)etw \klein schreiben to write sth in small letters14. MATH\kleinste Fehlerquadrate least error squares\kleinster gemeinsamer Nenner lowest common denominator\kleinstes gemeinsames Vielfaches lowest common multiple15.▶ im K\kleinen wie im Großen in little things as well as in big ones▶ die K\kleinen [o \kleinen Gauner] hängt man, die Großen lässt man laufen (prov) the small fry get caught, while the big fish get away▶ \klein, aber oho (fam) small but eminently capable [or he/she packs a powerful punch]; s.a. Fakultas, LatinumII. adv▶ \klein anfangen (fam: seine Karriere ganz unten beginnen) to start at the bottom; (mit ganz wenig beginnen) to start off in a small way▶ \klein beigeben to give in [quietly]* * *1.das Kleid ist mir zu klein — the dress is too small for me
ein kleines Bier — a small beer; ≈ a half[-pint]
etwas klein hacken — chop something up [small]
Zwiebeln klein schneiden — chop up onions [small]
etwas klein machen — cut something up small; (ugs.): (aufbrauchen) get through or (sl.) blow something
auf kleinstem Raum — in the minimum of space
sie ist klein [von Gestalt/für ihr Alter] — she is small [in stature/for her age]
er ist [einen Kopf] kleiner als ich — he is [a head] shorter than me or shorter than I am [by a head]
im Kleinen — in miniature; on a small scale
klein, aber oho — he/she may be small, but he/she certainly makes up for it
klein, aber fein — little, but very nice
2) (jung) little <brother, sister>als ich [noch] klein war — when I was small or little
von klein auf — from an early age; s. auch Kleine I, 2, III
3) (von kurzer Dauer) little, short < while>; short <walk, break>; short, brief <delay, introduction>; brief < moment>kleines Geld haben — have some [small] change
einen Schein klein machen — (ugs.): (wechseln) change a note
kann mir jemand ein Fünfzigeuroschein klein machen? — (ugs.) can anyone give me change for a fifty-euro note?
haben Sie es klein? — (ugs.) do you have the right money?
5) (von geringem Ausmaß) light < refreshment>; small < party, gift>; scant, little < attention>; slight <cold, indisposition>; slight, small <mistake, irregularity>; minor < event, error>das kleinere Übel — the lesser evil; the lesser of the two evils
ein klein[es] bisschen — a little or tiny bit
bis ins Kleinste — down to the smallest or tiniest detail
der kleine Mann — the ordinary citizen; the man in the street
die kleinen Leute — ordinary people; the man sing. in the street
klein anfangen — (ugs.) start off in a small way
7)ganz klein [und hässlich] werden — become meek and subdued
8)2.ein kleiner Geist — (engstirnig) a narrow-minded person; (beschränkt) a person of limited intellect
die Heizung klein/kleiner [ein]stellen — turn the heating down low/lower
klein gedruckt — in small print postpos.
klein kariert — <skirt, shirt, etc.> with a small check
klein machen — (Kinderspr.) do number one
klein geschrieben werden — (ugs.) count for [very] little ( bei with); (child lang.); s. auch beigeben 2.
* * *A. adj1. small (auch klein gewachsen); besonders attr und gefühlsbetont: little; (winzig) tiny; Finger, Zehe: little; Buchstabe: small;ein rundlicher kleiner Mann a chubby little man;sie ist von uns allen die Kleinste she is the smallest of us;als ich noch klein war when I was a little boy ( oder girl);er ist doch noch klein he’s only small ( oder a child); zu einem Kind: he’s much smaller than you, remember;von klein auf from an early age, since childhood, since I was etc a child;kleine Augen haben (müde aussehen) look tired;kleine Rolle small ( oder bit) part;kleiner Bauer/Geschäftsmann small farmer/businessman;seine kleinen Intrigen/Launen his little intrigues/moods;es ist ein kleiner Anfang it’s just a start;der kleine Mann the man in the street;kleine Leute ordinary people;aus kleinen Verhältnissen stammen come from a humble background;und er hat daran kein kleines Verdienst and it’s no small thanks to him3. (jünger) little, younger;mein kleiner Bruder my little ( oder younger) brother4. Pause, Unterbrechung etc: short, brief5. (gering) small;auf kleiner Flamme kochen cook on a low flame6.im Kleinen on a small scale, engS. in miniature;bis ins Kleinste down to the last detail7. MUS:es klein haben (Betrag) have the right change;klein, aber fein good things come in small packages;B. adv1. small;klein gedruckt in small print;klein gemustert with a small pattern, small-patterned;klein gehackt finely chopped;klein gewachsen small, short;klein hacken chop (up) fine;klein schneiden (Holz, Fleisch etc) cut up into small pieces;2. fig:klein anfangen start off small, start from small beginnings;klein beigeben give in;klein machen kinderspr do number one* * *1.1) little; small <format, letter>; little <finger, toe>; small, short < steps>ein kleines Bier — a small beer; ≈ a half[-pint]
etwas klein hacken — chop something up [small]
Zwiebeln klein schneiden — chop up onions [small]
etwas klein machen — cut something up small; (ugs.): (aufbrauchen) get through or (sl.) blow something
sie ist klein [von Gestalt/für ihr Alter] — she is small [in stature/for her age]
er ist [einen Kopf] kleiner als ich — he is [a head] shorter than me or shorter than I am [by a head]
im Kleinen — in miniature; on a small scale
klein, aber oho — he/she may be small, but he/she certainly makes up for it
klein, aber fein — little, but very nice
2) (jung) little <brother, sister>als ich [noch] klein war — when I was small or little
von klein auf — from an early age; s. auch Kleine I, 2, III
3) (von kurzer Dauer) little, short < while>; short <walk, break>; short, brief <delay, introduction>; brief < moment>kleines Geld haben — have some [small] change
einen Schein klein machen — (ugs.): (wechseln) change a note
kann mir jemand ein Fünfzigeuroschein klein machen? — (ugs.) can anyone give me change for a fifty-euro note?
haben Sie es klein? — (ugs.) do you have the right money?
5) (von geringem Ausmaß) light < refreshment>; small <party, gift>; scant, little < attention>; slight <cold, indisposition>; slight, small <mistake, irregularity>; minor <event, error>das kleinere Übel — the lesser evil; the lesser of the two evils
ein klein[es] bisschen — a little or tiny bit
bis ins Kleinste — down to the smallest or tiniest detail
der kleine Mann — the ordinary citizen; the man in the street
die kleinen Leute — ordinary people; the man sing. in the street
klein anfangen — (ugs.) start off in a small way
7)ganz klein [und hässlich] werden — become meek and subdued
8)2.ein kleiner Geist — (engstirnig) a narrow-minded person; (beschränkt) a person of limited intellect
die Heizung klein/kleiner [ein]stellen — turn the heating down low/lower
klein gedruckt — in small print postpos.
klein kariert — <skirt, shirt, etc.> with a small check
klein machen — (Kinderspr.) do number one
klein geschrieben werden — (ugs.) count for [very] little ( bei with); (child lang.); s. auch beigeben 2.
* * *adj.little adj.lower adj.petite adj.petty adj.short adj.slight adj.small adj.small-sized adj.smallish adj.wee adj. -
2 Männerstimme
f man’s voice; bes. MUS. male voice; Pl. men’s voices; bes. MUS. male voices* * *Mạ̈n|ner|stim|mefman's voice; (MUS) male voice* * *Män·ner·stim·mef (männliche Stimme) man's [or male] voiceeine raue \Männerstimme a gruff male voice; MUS male voice* * *die man's voice; male voice* * ** * *die man's voice; male voice -
3 Männerchor
m MUS. male(-voice) choir* * *Mạ̈n|ner|chormmale-voice choir* * *Män·ner·chorm male-voice [or men's] choir* * *der male voice choir* * ** * *der male voice choir -
4 Neutöner
-
5 breve
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
6 brevi
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
7 brevia
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
8 brevis
brĕvis, e, adj. (abl. breve, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 2; comp. abl. breviore, Ov. Am. 2, 17, 22) [cf. brachus, Fest. p. 26], short, little, of small extent, in space and time (opp. longus; in space, in good class. prose, diff. from parvus, which designates that which fills a small space in length, breadth, and thickness; while brevis is used only of length in its different directions of breadth, height, or depth; and even of a circle, as merely a line, and without reference to the space enclosed, v. infra. In poets and postAug. prose brevis sometimes = parvus).I.Lit., in space.A.In distance, extent, short, little, small, narrow (opp. latus), Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:2.brevior via,
Nep. Eum. 8, 5; Tib. 1, 10, 4:via brevis,
Verg. E. 9, 23; Ov. M. 5, 253; Juv. 14, 223:cursus brevissimus,
Verg. A. 3, 507:brevius iter,
Ov. P. 1, 4, 32:cursu brevissimus Almo,
id. M. 14, 329:quid mihi, quod lato non separor aequore, prodest? Num minus haec nobis tam brevis obstat aqua?
so narrow a stream, id. H. 18, 174; cf.also brevis unda, opp. latum mare,
id. ib. 19, 141 and 142:non Asiam brevioris aquae disterminat usquam fluctus ab Europā,
Luc. 9, 957 (strictioris, Schol.); cf. id. 9, 317:brevissima terra,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 2:in Euboico scopulus brevis emicat altō Gurgite,
a small, narrow rock, Ov. M. 9, 226:brevibus Gyaris,
Juv. 1, 73:scis In breve te cogi (sc. libellum),
that you are closely rolled together, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 8:quo brevius valent,
the nearer, the more powerful are they in conflict, Tac. A. 6, 35.—Trop. of the journey of life:B.quid est, quod in hoc tam exiguo vitae curriculo et tam brevi tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus?
Cic. Arch. 11, 28; cf.:vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,
id. Sest. 21, 47:tum brevior dirae mortis aperta via est,
Tib. 1, 10, 4.—And poet. of the thread of life:fila vitae breviora,
Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 46. —In height, short, small, low (opp. altus and sometimes longus);C.of the human figure: sed sedebat judex L. Aurifex, brevior ipse quam testis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 60, 245:ut statura breves in digitos eriguntur,
Quint. 2, 3, 8:forma,
Ov. M. 5, 457:(puella) longa brevisque,
id. Am. 2, 4, 36:brevis corpore,
Suet. Galb. 3;id. Vit. Hor.—Of a maiden changed to a boy: et incomptis brevior mensura capillis,
Ov. M. 9, 789.—Of other things: ut pleraque Alpium ab Italiā sicut breviora, ita arrectiora sunt,
lower, Liv. 21, 35, 11:brevior ilex,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 1641:mus,
little, Ov. F. 2, 574. —In depth, small, little, shallow (opp. profundus):2.puteus,
Juv. 3, 226:vada,
Verg. A. 5, 221; Sen. Agam. 570.—Hence, subst.: brĕvia, ium, n., as in Gr. ta brachea, shallow places, shallows, shoals:tris Eurus ab alto In brevia et syrtis urget,
Verg. A. 1, 111 (brevia vadosa dicit, per quae vadi pedibus potest, Serv.); Luc. 9, 338: neque discerni poterant incerta ab solidis, brevia a profundis, Tac. A. 1, 70:brevia litorum,
id. ib. 6, 33 fin. —Perh. also in sing.:breve,
Tac. A. 14, 29 Draeg. ad loc. (Ritter, brevia; al. breve litus).—Trop.:D.brevia, in quibus volutatur, incerta, ancipitia,
difficulties, Sen. Ep. 22, 7.—Of the line of a circle:II.ubi circulus (i.e. arcticus) axem Ultimus extremum spatioque brevissimus ambit,
makes the shortest path, Ov. M. 2, 517; cf.of similar orbits, of stars: absides breviores,
Plin. 2. 15, 13, §63.—Of the circular course of a horse on the track: discit gyro breviore flecti,
Sen. Hippol. 314. —Transf., of time.A. 1.In gen.:2.quanto, nox, fuisti longior hac proxumā, Tanto brevior dies ut fiat faciam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 51:breve spatium'st perferundi quae minitas mihi,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 85:brevis hora,
Lucr. 4, 179; so Ov. M. 4, 696: Pa. Brevin' an longinquo sermone? Mi. Tribus verbis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 30:occasio,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 57; Phaedr. 5, 8, 5:brevis hic est fructus homulleis,
short is this enjoyment for little men, Lucr. 3, 927; cf.:MORS. PERFECIT. TVA. VT. TIBE. ESSENT. OMNIA. BREVIA. HONOS. FAMA. VIRTVSQVE. GLORIA. ATQVE. INGENIVM.,
Inscr. Orell. 558:omnia brevia tolerabilia esse debent,
Cic. Lael. 27, 104; id. Fin. 1, 12, 40; 2, 29, 94; id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94; Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 5:quoniam vita brevis est, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,
Sall. C. 1, 3; so,vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 6:aut omnia breviora aliquanto fuere, aut Saguntum principio anni captum,
occupied a shorter time, Liv. 21, 15, 5:brevissimum tempus,
id. 5, 6, 7:detrimentum,
Quint. 11, 1, 10:arbitrium mortis,
Tac. A. 15, 60:breves populi Romani amores,
id. ib. 2, 41:tempus,
Suet. Ner. 20 al.:nobis quom semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 5:fructus,
Lucr. 3, 914:aevum,
Hor. C. 2, 16, 17; id. S. 2, 6, 97; id. Ep. 2, 1, 144; Plin. Pan. 78, 2:anni,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 22:ver,
Ov. M. 1, 118; 10, 85:flores rosae,
quickly withering, short-lived, Hor. C. 2, 3, 13:lilium,
id. ib. 1, 36, 16:cena,
frugal, id. Ep. 1, 14, 35:mensa,
id. A. P. 198:dominus,
living but a short time, id. C. 2, 14, 24:stultitia,
id. ib. 4, 12, 27:ira furor brevis est,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 62:actio brevis atque concisa,
Quint. 6, 4, 2:somnus,
Sen. Troad. 441:nec gratius quicquam decore nec brevius,
nothing is more acceptable, but nothing more perishable, fading, than beauty, Suet. Dom. 18:domus,
Sen. Hippol. 762:fortuna,
Sil. 4, 734.—Esp.a.Comp. brevius, with subj. clause, shorter, i.e. easier, more convenient:b.brevius visum urbana crimina incipi, quorum obvii testes erant,
Tac. A. 13, 43: modo ne existimes brevius esse ab urbe mitti, Trag. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 40 (49), 3.—In brevi spatio, brevi spatio, in brevi tempore, brevi tempore, and absol. brevi or in brevi, in a short time, shortly (before or after) (brevi tempore and brevi are class.; the latter, as in Gr. en brachei, to be considered as neuter, without supplying tempore):c.inque brevi spatio mutantur saecla animantum,
Lucr. 2, 77; so Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 2; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Ner. 30; cf.:in multo breviore temporis spatio,
id. Aug. 22:multa brevi spatio simulacra geruntur,
Lucr. 4, 160; Sall. J. 87, 3:spatio brevi,
Hor. C. 1, 11, 6:res publica per vos brevi tempore jus suum recuperabit,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; 5, 21, 2; id. Tusc. 2, 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 11; Nep. Milt. 2, 1; id. Them. 1, 4; Suet. Caes. 3:sic ille affectus, brevi postea est mortuus,
soon after, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (Zumpt;acc. to MSS. perbrevi).—So brevi post = paulo post: brevi post Marcellus Romam venit,
Liv. 33, 37, 9; 24, 3, 14:brevi deinde,
id. 24, 4, 9: (Britanni) tantum usu cotidiano et exercitatione efficiunt, uti in declivi ac praecipiti loco incitatos equos sustinere et brevi ( in a short time, i.e. with great rapidity) moderari ac flectere consuerint, Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin. Herz. and Held.:fama tanti facinoris per omnem Africam brevi divolgatur,
Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Them. 4, 4:mirantur tam brevi rem Romanam crevisse,
Liv. 1, 9, 9:brevi omnia subegit,
Suet. Caes. 34; so id. Aug. 17; 65; id. Vesp. 5; id. Gram. 3; Gell. 1, 15, 18: scire in brevi, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.; Flor. 1, 1, 15.—Brevi, a short time, a little while: [p. 251] cunctatusque brevi, contortam viribus hastam in Persea misit, Ov. M. 5, 32; cf.:d.illa brevi spatio silet,
id. ib. 7, 307; so,* breve,
Cat. 61, 187.—Ad breve, for a short time, Suet. Tib. 68; cf.:B.ad breve quoddam tempus,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31.—Transf. to things done or taking place in a short time; so most freq.1.Of discourse, short, brief, concise (most freq. in Cic. and Quint.):2.narratio,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 28; id. de Or. 3, 50, 196: laudatio;comprehensio et ambitus ille verborum erat apud illum contractus et brevis,
id. Brut. 44, 162; cf. id. de Or. 2, 80, 326:nunc venio ad illa tua brevia: et primum illud, quo nihil potest esse brevius: bonum omne laudabile, etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 18, 48:quam falsa re! quam brevia responsu!
id. Clu. 59, 164: urbanitas est virtus quaedam in breve dictum coacta, Dom. Mars. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 104:Homerus brevem eloquentiam Menelao dedit,
Quint. 12, 10, 64 (brevis = ou polumuthos, Hom. Il. 3, 214):breviores commentarii,
Quint. 3, 8, 58:annotatio,
id. 10, 7, 31:brevia illa atque concisa,
id. 10, 7, 10; so,sententiae,
id. 10, 1, 60:causae,
id. 6, 1, 8:docendi compendia,
id. 1, 1, 24:comprehensiones,
id. 12, 2, 19:quod ut brevissimo pateat exemplo,
id. 3, 6, 10: commendatio, requiring few words, i.e. moderate, Plin. 11, 42, 97, § 240.— Meton. of a speaker or orator, brief:multos imitatio brevitatis decipit, ut cum se breves putent esse, longissimi sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 38:brevior in scribendo,
id. Att. 5, 6, 2:brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio,
Hor. A. P. 25:in eloquendo brevis,
Quint. 10, 1, 63:densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides,
id. 10, 1, 73.—Hence, brĕvī, adv., briefly, in few words (freq. and class.):brevi pro breviter M. Tullius de Orat. ad Quintum fratrem (1, 8, 34): ac ne plura quidem quae sunt innumerabilia consecter, comprehendam brevi,
Charis. p. 176 P.:id percurram brevi,
Cic. Caecin. 32, 94:aliquid explicare,
id. Planc. 40, 95 Wund.:circumscribere et definire,
id. Sest. 45, 97; so id. ib. 5, 12 Orell. N. cr.; id. Fin. 1, 17, 55:complecti,
id. de Or. 1, 42, 190:exponere,
id. ib. 1, 46, 203:reprehendere,
id. Inv. 1, 9, 12:reddere,
id. Leg. 2, 14, 34:respondere,
id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:perscribere,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1; so Auct. Her. 4, 26, 35; 35, 47 al.; cf.:in brevi,
Quint. 9, 4, 32.—So once in epistolary style: breve facere, to be short or brief:quid scribam? breve faciam,
Cic. Att. 11, 7, 6; cf.:longum est ea dicere, sed hoc breve dicam,
id. Sest. 5, 12.—Once, in breve cogere (diff. from I. A.), to comprise in few words, bring into a small compass:in breve coactae causae,
Liv. 39, 47, 5; cf.:in breve coactio causae,
Gai. Inst. 4, 15.— In late Lat. subst.: brĕvis, is, m. (sc. liber—acc. to another reading, brĕve, is, n.), a short catalogue, summary, = breviarium:brevis nominum,
Vop. Aur. 36; so id. Bonos. 15; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 21; Hier. Ep. 5, n. 2 al.—Of a short syllable;C.rarely as adj.: Syllaba longa brevi subjecta vocatur iambus,
Hor. A. P. 251:a brevis, gre brevis, faciet tamen longam priorem,
Quint. 9, 4, 86 et saep.—More freq. subst.: brĕvis, is, f. (sc. syllaba):dactylus, qui est e longā et duabus brevibus,
Cic. Or. 64, 217 sq.:in fine pro longā accipi brevem,
Quint. 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 86:plurimum habent celeritatis breves,
id. 9, 4, 91.—Hence also once of a syllable long by position, but pronounced short: indoctus dicimus brevi primā litterā, insanus productā: inhumanus brevi, infelix longā,
Cic. Or. 48, 159 Meyer N. cr.; cf. Gell. 2, 17 sqq., and Schütz Lex. Cic. s. v. brevis.—For parvus, exiguus, little, small:1.exigua pars brevisque,
Lucr. 5, 591:Canidia brevibus implicata viperis,
Hor. Epod. 5, 15:Alecto brevibus torquata colubris,
Ov. H. 2, 119:brevi latere ac pede longo est,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 93; cf.just before: breve quod caput, ardua cervix, v. 89, and brevis alvus,
Verg. G. 3, 80 (on the other hand, Nemes. 244:parvae alvi): mus,
Ov. F. 2, 574:forma (sc. pueri in stellionem mutati),
id. M. 5, 457.—So, lapathi herba,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 29 (brevis = parva, non excrescens in altum, Schol. Cruqu.):folia breviora,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 26 (minor corona, Schol. Cruqu.):census,
id. C. 2, 15, 13:pondus,
id. S. 2, 2, 37:impensa,
Ov. H. 7, 188 Ruhnk.:sigillum,
id. M. 6, 86:insulae,
Pall. 1, 28, 1; cf. Juv. 1, 73: vasculum, Pall. Apr. 8, 4:offulae,
id. 1, 29, 4:pantheris in candido breves macularum oculi,
Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 62.—With nom. abstr.:breve in exiguo marmore nomen ero,
Prop. 2, 1, 72; Sen. Oedip. 935.—So, pondus, Hor. S. 2, 2, 37 al.—Hence, brĕ-vĭter, adv., shortly, briefly, etc.Of space (acc. to I.) (rare): seu libeat, curvo brevius convertere gyro, shorter, i. e. in a smaller circle, Tib. 4, 1, 94:2.parvo brevius quam totus,
a little less than the whole, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:Sarmatae, omisso arcu, quo brevius valent, contis gladiisque ruerent,
Tac. A. 6, 35.—Far more freq. in prose and poetry,(Acc. to II. A. b. and c.) Of time, in a short time.a.In gen.:b.iratum breviter vites, inimicum diu, Publ. Syr. v. 249 Rib.: sapiens, cum breviter et strictim colore atque vultu motus est,
Gell. 19, 1, 20.—Esp.(α).In expression, briefly, in brief, in few words, concisely, summarily:(β).sed breviter paucis praestat comprendere multa,
Lucr. 6, 1082: multa breviter et commode dicta (sc. apophthegmata; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104) memoriae mandabam, Cic. Lael. 1, 1:rem totam breviter cognoscite,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 169; 2, 3, 27, § 67; so id. de Or. 2, 83, 340:summatim breviterque describere,
id. Or. 15, 50:breviter tangere,
id. Off. 3, 2, 8 Beier N. cr.:breviter et modice disserere,
Sall. J. 111, 1:adicere aliquid,
Quint. 9, 3, 100; cf. also Verg. A. 2, 11; 4, 632; 6, 321; Ov. M. 2, 783:omnia soli Forsan Pacuvio breviter dabit (i.e. paucis testamenti verbis, quibus heres ex asse scribetur),
Juv. 12, 125 Web. (cf. id. 1, 68: beatum exiguis tabulis).— Comp., Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 26; Quint. 8, prooem. § 1; 8, 6, 61; 9, 2, 16; 10, 1, 49; 11, 1, 5 al.— Sup., Cic. N. D. 2, 1, 3; id. Div. 1, 32, 70; Quint. 1, 10, 1; 4, 2, 113 al.—Of syllables:quibus in verbis eae primae litterae sunt quae in sapiente atque felice, producte dicitur, in ceteris omnibus breviter,
Cic. Or. 48, 159. -
9 gratuitum
grātŭītus ( grātŭĭtum, Stat. S. 1, 6, 16), a, um, adj. [gratia], that is done with, out pay, reward, or profit; free, spontaneous, voluntary, gratuitous (class.):ea (examina apium) vel aere parta vel gratuita contingunt,
Col. 9, 8, 1:quid? liberalitas gratuitane est an mercenaria? si sine praemio benigna est, gratuita: si cum mercede, conducta,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48; cf.:probitas gratuita,
id. Fin. 2, 31, 99:hominum caritas et amicitia gratuita est,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:ne gratuita quidem suffragia,
purchased, id. Planc. 22, 54; cf.:comitia gratuita,
i. e. at which no gratuities were distributed to voters, id. Att. 4, 15, 8; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 4:pecunia,
i. e. without interest, Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 2:cum debitor gratuita pecunia utatur,
Paul. Sent. 2, 5, 1; so,usus pecuniae,
Suet. Aug. 41:milies sestertio proposito,
id. Tib. 48;and perh. also, fenus,
lending without interest, id. Caes. 27:universi milites gratuitam et sine frumento stipendioque operam (obtulerunt),
id. ib. 68:cadaverum et ruderum gratuita egestio,
id. Ner. 38:gratuita in Circo loca,
free places, id. Calig. 26:subsellia,
free benches, id. Ner. 17: navis, a free ship or boat, Sen. Ben. 6, 19:furor,
innate, spontaneous, Liv. 2, 42, 6:crudelitas,
unprovoked, id. 3, 37, 8:praeterita parricidia,
without effect, in vain, id. 1, 47, 1:AVGVSTALIS,
without pay, Inscr. Orell. 3918;SO, SACERDOS, Inscr. ap. Maff. Mus. Ver. 80, 3: largis gratuitum cadit rapinis,
Stat. S. 1, 6, 16:odium aut est ex offensa, aut gratuitum,
unprovoked, Sen. Ep. 105, 3 (al. gratuito).—Hence, adv.: grātŭīto, without pay or profit, for naught, gratis, gratuitously:hic (Polygnotus) et Athenis porticum, quae Poecile vocatur, gratuito (pinxit), cum partem ejus Micon mercede pingeret,
Plin. 35, 9, 35, § 59; Tac. A. 11, 22 fin.:neque tamen eloquentiam gratuito contingere,
without cost, id. ib. 11, 7:multorum causas et non gravate et gratuito defendentis,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 66:cum mediocribus multis gratuito civitatem in Graecia homines impertiebant,
for no particular reason, id. Arch. 5, 10; cf.:ne per otium torpescerent manus aut animus, gratuito potius malus atque crudelis erat,
Sall. C. 16, 3 Kritz:gratuito nemo bonus est,
id. H. 1, 48, 9. -
10 gratuitus
grātŭītus ( grātŭĭtum, Stat. S. 1, 6, 16), a, um, adj. [gratia], that is done with, out pay, reward, or profit; free, spontaneous, voluntary, gratuitous (class.):ea (examina apium) vel aere parta vel gratuita contingunt,
Col. 9, 8, 1:quid? liberalitas gratuitane est an mercenaria? si sine praemio benigna est, gratuita: si cum mercede, conducta,
Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48; cf.:probitas gratuita,
id. Fin. 2, 31, 99:hominum caritas et amicitia gratuita est,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:ne gratuita quidem suffragia,
purchased, id. Planc. 22, 54; cf.:comitia gratuita,
i. e. at which no gratuities were distributed to voters, id. Att. 4, 15, 8; id. Q. Fr. 2, 15, b, 4:pecunia,
i. e. without interest, Plin. Ep. 3, 11, 2:cum debitor gratuita pecunia utatur,
Paul. Sent. 2, 5, 1; so,usus pecuniae,
Suet. Aug. 41:milies sestertio proposito,
id. Tib. 48;and perh. also, fenus,
lending without interest, id. Caes. 27:universi milites gratuitam et sine frumento stipendioque operam (obtulerunt),
id. ib. 68:cadaverum et ruderum gratuita egestio,
id. Ner. 38:gratuita in Circo loca,
free places, id. Calig. 26:subsellia,
free benches, id. Ner. 17: navis, a free ship or boat, Sen. Ben. 6, 19:furor,
innate, spontaneous, Liv. 2, 42, 6:crudelitas,
unprovoked, id. 3, 37, 8:praeterita parricidia,
without effect, in vain, id. 1, 47, 1:AVGVSTALIS,
without pay, Inscr. Orell. 3918;SO, SACERDOS, Inscr. ap. Maff. Mus. Ver. 80, 3: largis gratuitum cadit rapinis,
Stat. S. 1, 6, 16:odium aut est ex offensa, aut gratuitum,
unprovoked, Sen. Ep. 105, 3 (al. gratuito).—Hence, adv.: grātŭīto, without pay or profit, for naught, gratis, gratuitously:hic (Polygnotus) et Athenis porticum, quae Poecile vocatur, gratuito (pinxit), cum partem ejus Micon mercede pingeret,
Plin. 35, 9, 35, § 59; Tac. A. 11, 22 fin.:neque tamen eloquentiam gratuito contingere,
without cost, id. ib. 11, 7:multorum causas et non gravate et gratuito defendentis,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 66:cum mediocribus multis gratuito civitatem in Graecia homines impertiebant,
for no particular reason, id. Arch. 5, 10; cf.:ne per otium torpescerent manus aut animus, gratuito potius malus atque crudelis erat,
Sall. C. 16, 3 Kritz:gratuito nemo bonus est,
id. H. 1, 48, 9. -
11 tum
tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.I.Absol.A.Referring to a time previously specified.1.To a definite past time.(α).To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:(β).is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,
Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,
Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,
id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,
id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,
Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,
Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,
Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:(γ).insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,
Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:jam duo restabant fata tum,
id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,
Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,
id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 112:eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,
Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,
id. 8, 3, 9:Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,
id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,
Vell. 1, 8, 3:tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,
id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,
Curt. 3, 11, 5:Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,
Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:(δ).quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,
Cic. Clu. 20, 55:cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,
id. ib. 27, 75:Caere, opulento tum oppido,
Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,
Tac. H. 4, 9.—Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;(ε).nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—Opposed to another time specified:(ζ).itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,
id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,
Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,
Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;(η).ut tum accidit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,
Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:(θ).quis tum non ingemuit?
Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,
id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;nunc agendum est subtilius,
id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,
i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,
Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,
Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,
Ov. M. 14, 474.—With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,
Cic. Clu. 13, 39:emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,
id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;so repeated seven times,
id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):2.atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,
Cic. Clu. 20, 56:itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,
id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:3.quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?
if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,
id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,
id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—Referring to indefinite time.(α).Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:(β).tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),
Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:(γ).qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),
Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;4.fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,
Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,
id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—Referring to future time.(α).To a definite time before mentioned:(β).ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,
i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,
Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:B.quom videbis, tum scies,
id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,
id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,
Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.1.Simple sequence in time.(α).Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;(β).otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,
Enn. Ann. 179:dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,
Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,
Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:(γ).tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,
Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,
Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,
Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:2.at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,
Lucr. 5, 399:madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,
Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.(α).Succession of time proper:(β).ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:primum... deinde... tum... postremo,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;postremum, etc.,
Liv. 2, 39, 4:primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,
id. 9, 6, 1:primo... deinde... tum... tum,
id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,
Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;(γ).not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,
id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:C.qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.1.Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;2.rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,
Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,
Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,
Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,
Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.(α).With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;(β).tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,
Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):(γ).tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,
id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,
id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,
Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,
Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;so three times,
id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;four times,
id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;five times,
id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;six times,
id. ib. 1, 53, 120;seven times,
Quint. 9, 4, 133;nine times,
Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,
at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):(δ).ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:tum... tum... aliquando,
id. Div. 2, 2, 6:tum... tum... aut... aut,
id. Or. 61, 204:modo... tum autem,
id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:nunc... nunc... tum... tum,
Flor. 1, 17, 5.—Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):3.Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,
Vell. 2, 68, 3:Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,
Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,
id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;and with etiam,
Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.a.Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):b.quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,
id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):c.nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:d.visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,
Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,
Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:e.quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,
Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,
Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,(α).By vero:(β).cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,
in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:(γ).cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,
Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:(δ).cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,
Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—By inprimis, chiefly, principally:(ε).cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—(ζ).By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:(η).at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:(θ).cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,
Cic. Am. 7, 23. —By etiam, besides, as well:(ι).cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,
Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,
id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,
id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—By quoque, also, besides, as well:(κ).cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,
Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—By et, also, besides, too:(λ).cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,
Just. 19, 1, 7.—By praeterea, moreover, besides:II.dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).A. 1.Referring to definite past time.a.Tum as antecedent of cum:b.jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,
id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,
Liv. 45, 3, 7:tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,
Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,
Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).(α).Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:(β).cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,
Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,
Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:2.id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,
Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,
Liv. 5, 22, 3.—Referring to definite present time:3.quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—Referring to indefinite time.a.As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;b.etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,
Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,
Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,
Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).As coincident:(β).quom amamus, tum perimus,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,
Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —As subsequent:4.ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,
Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—Referring to future time.(α).Tum as antecedent of cum:(β).quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,
Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—Tum introducing the apodosis:B.quom videbis, tum scies,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,
Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,
Cato, R. R. 33:tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):(β).ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,
Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—Referring to indefinite time:(γ).post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,
Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—Referring to future time:C.otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,
Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,
Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).(α).Referring to definite past time:(β).posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,
Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—D.With a temporal clause introduced by ut.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):2.tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,
Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Of definite past time:(β).nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,
Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,
Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—Referring to future time:E.neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),
Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—With a temporal clause introduced by quando.1.Tum as antecedent of the clause.(α).Of definite past time:(β).auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,
Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—Of future time:2.at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,
Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—Tum introducing the apodosis.(α).Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):(β).quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,
Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—Of future time:F.at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,
Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,
Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—In the apodosis after simul ac:G.an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?
Lucr. 6, 402.—With a temporal clause introduced by dum.1.Tum as antecedent:2.sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,
Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—Tum introducing the apodosis:H.dum habeat, tum amet,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,
Verg. A. 9, 540.—As antecedent of quamdiu:K.qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:L.quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—M.With conditional clauses.1. (α).Tum as antecedent of clause:(β).tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,
Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,
Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—Tum introducing the apodosis:2.si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,
Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,
Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,
Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,
Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—With a condition contrary to fact.(α).Tum, antecedent of clause:(β).tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,
id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—Tum introducing the apodosis:N.si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —After an abl. absol.1. (α).Referring to definite past time:(β).ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,
Cic. Mur. 16, 34:sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,
Sall. C. 61, 1:ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,
Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—Referring to indefinite time:(γ).hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,
Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):2.ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—With pres. participles (post-class.):III.tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,
Just. 12, 15, 6.Particular connections.A.With other particles of time.1.Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:2.jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,
Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,
Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,
Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,
Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,
Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.a.Tum demum.(α).In gen.:(β).adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,
Lucr. 3, 58:tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,
Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:(γ).imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,
Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—b.Tum denique.(α).In gen.:(β).tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,
Varr. R. R. 2, 5:injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,
Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):3.tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,tum denique si,
id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,
Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:4. a.tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,
Lucr. 5, 1014:ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,
Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —Deinde tum (very rare):b.primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—Tum deinde.(α).= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:(β).nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,
Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,
Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,
Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;c.tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,
Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—With hic:d.hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,
id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,
id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—Tum postea:5.tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,
Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—With interim:B.unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,
Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—With particles of emphasis.1.Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.(α).In gen.:(β).discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,
Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,
id. Clu. 18, 51:tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,
Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:2.quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,
Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:tum vero... si,
Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,
Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,3.actum quidem,
id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,
Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,
Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,
Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—Ne tum quidem, not even then:4.num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,
Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).(α).Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:(β).quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,
Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):(γ).regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,
Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,
id. 40, 32, 1; so,tum cummaxime,
id. 43, 7, 8:corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,
Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—5.Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):6.C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,
Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—Etiam tum.(α).Even then:(β).etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,
even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:etiam tum cum verisimile erit,
id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—7.And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,
not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—Tum etiam.(α).Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:(β).atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—Then also, then too, besides:8.tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,
Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—Tum quoque.(α).Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;(β).nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,
Lucr. 6, 162:tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,
Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—Even then, = etiam tum (rare):(γ).et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,
Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:(δ).quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,
Liv. 42, 62, 7. —= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;9.9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,
Just. 2, 9, 18.—Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:C.nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,
Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,
id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,
id. Div. 1, 52, 118:ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,
id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—Tum with co-ordinating particles.1.Tum autem.(α).= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;(β).tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,
Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—= tum... tum:(γ).visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?
Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—= eo tempore, with autem as connective:(δ).tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—But in this instance:2.uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—3.Tum praeterea:4.nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—Tum porro:D.tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,
Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—Quid tum?1.In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:2.quid tum postea?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—In imitation of a dialogue:3.at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—E.Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,
Just. 31, 2, 6. -
12 εἰνατέρες
εἰνατέρες, - έρωνGrammatical information: f. (pl.)Meaning: `wife of the husbands brother' (Il.)Other forms: Sing. ἐνατηρ, - τρι, - τερα (late Anat. inscr.; accent like θυγάτηρ, μήτηρ?), voc. εἴνατερ, gen. - τερος (Hdn.)Etymology: Old disappearing relation name from the extended family (s. Risch Mus. Helv. 1, 117). The acc. ιανατερα is not Phrygian, but neglected Greek. Lat. ianitrīcēs (after genetrīcēs a. o.; the - a(n)- is not quite clear) show for Greek a basis (ep. εἰν- metricale lengthening of psilotic ἐν-); with other ablaut Skt. yā-tar- (\< *in̥h₂-), OLith. jen-tė, Russ. Csl. ja-try (after svekry `mother-in-law'); difficult Arm. ner ( nēr) (* ienH- \> Hin- \> ǝn- \> n-, Kortlandt, Armeniaca 120 and 163), gen. nir-i. - Schwyzer 568, Wackernagel-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. II: 2, 692, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. jentė.Page in Frisk: 1,464Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰνατέρες
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13 Wagnerian
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14 littera
littera, ae, f. (lino), der Buchstabe, I) eig.: A littera, Cic., u. littera A, Vitr.: U et O litterae, Quint.: verba ac litterae legis, der B. des G. (Ggstz. sententia voluntasque), Cic. – nescius litterarum, der nicht schreiben kann, Varro: ignarus litterarum et carminum, Tac.: lenis appellatio litterarum, Cic.: litterarum ductus, Züge der B., Quint.: prima litterarum elementa, das ABC, Alphabet, Quint.: litterae figura, Plin.: litterarum formae, Cic., Quint. u. Tac.: Graecae litterae imago, quae delta dicitur, Mela (vgl. Delta, quod nomen a similitudine litterae accepit, Auct. b. Alex.): litterarum inventores, Tac.: miraculum litterarum (der B. = der Schreibkunst), Liv.: litterarum u. priscarum litterarum notae (Schriftzeichen), Cic.: litterarum nomina, Vib. Sequ.: litterarum nomina et contextus, Quint.: litterarum ordo, Plin. u. Suet.: series litterarum, Amm.: scientia litterarum, Schreibkunst, Paul. dig. 29, 2, 93. § 1 (vesch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): litterarum simulacra, Sen.: homo trium litterarum, d.i. FUR, der Dieb, Plaut.: is (magister pastorum) sine litteris (ohne lesen u. schreiben zu können) idoneus non est, Varro. – litterae argenteae, Cic., aureae, Tac.: unius et viginti litterarum formae aureae, Cic.: littera (die Schriftzüge AI) communis pueroque viroque, Ov.: litterae cruentae, Cic.: eburneae litterarum formae, Quint.: littera finalis, Endbuchstabe, Macr.: funesta (die Schriftzüge der Totenklage AI), Ov.: litterae grandes, Unzial-, Versalbuchstaben, Cic.: littera Graeca, Cic. u.a.: quattuor atque viginti Graecae litterae, Aur. Vict.: litterae inanes (tote), Liv. 3, 56, 13 u. 33, 31, 2 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, b): lapidariae, Steinschrift, Lapidarschrift, Petron.: Latinae, Cic. u. Tac.: lepidae, Plaut.: littera longa, Plaut.: litterae maximae, Unzialbuchstaben, Cic.: minutae, Plaut. u. Cic.: minutulae, Vopisc., minutissimae, Suet.: littera quadrata, Unzialschrift, Petron.: litterae oblitteratae, Tac.: priscae, Cic. u. Liv.: littera salutaris (das A als Abkürzung von absolvo), Ggstz. littera tristis (das C als Abkürzung von condemno), Cic. Mil. 15: littera sanguinolenta, Ov.: litterae veterrimae Graecorum, Tac. – tres litteras adicere (sc. Latinis litteris), Tac.: obscenius concurrunt litterae, Cic.: Helvetiorum tabulae litteris Graecis confectae, Caes.: epistula Graecis conscripta litteris, Caes.: tabula conscripta litteris verbisque Graecis, Suet.: alqd litteris consignare od. custodire, etw. schriftlich aufzeichnen, Cic.: hinc liber non parum continet litterarum, ist schon ausführlich genug geworden, Cic.: eos versus in litteras dare, niederschreiben, Macr.: digerere in litteram, alphabetisch ordnen, Sen.: litteras discere, das Alphabet lernen, Plaut.: litterarum nomina et contextum prius quam formas discere, Quint.: apud alqm litteras discere, bei jmd. lesen lernen, Cic.: littera pro verbis, quam pes in pulvere duxit, Schriftzeichen, die der Fuß im St. zog, Ov.: reliquas gemmas per litterarum ordinem (in alphabetischer Ordnung) explicare, Plin.: nulla quae possit exstat littera Nasonis sanguinolenta legi, Ov.: ne illi sit cera, ubi facere possit litteras (schreiben könne), Plaut.: ne litteram quidem ullam focimus (habe geschrieben) nisi forensem, Cic.: ex se facere litteram longam (ein I), sich aufhängen, Plaut.: eius diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figere in curia, in goldener Schrift an der Kurie anbringen, Tac.: littera fundit se (zerfließt auf dem Papier), Plin.: haerere circa litterarum formas, noch beim Buchstabieren stehen, Quint.: rostro humi A litteram imprimere (v. Schwein), Cic.: litteras incīdere in lignum, Gell.: grandibus litteris nomen incīdere, Cic.: foedus litteris incīdere, Liv.: in basi statuarum maximis litteris incisum esse, Cic.: de alqa re littera nulla in eorum scriptis invenitur, Cic.: legere (lesen können) litteras minutulas, Vopisc.: alqd litteris mandare, niederschreiben, Cic. u. Caes.: ad me litteram numquam misit, Cic. (u. so ellipt., neque ullam litteram ad me, verst. misit, Cic.): alqm (= alcis vitam) in litteras mittere, jmds. Leben niederschreiben, Vopisc.: vellem nescirem litteras! u. quam vellem nescire litteras! o daß ich doch nicht schreiben könnte! Sen. de clem. 2, 1, 2 u. Suet. Ner. 10, 2 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): litteris parcere, das Papier schonen, Cic.: nullam litteram pupillo, nullam matri eius, nullam tutoribus reddidit, gab dafür keinen B., Cic.: vitam alcis in litteras referre, niederschreiben, Vopisc.: sedecim litterarum formas repperisse, Tac.: litteram nullam reliquisse (hinterlassen haben), Cic.: littera alia aliam scandit, Plaut.: scire litteras, die B. kennen = lesen od. schreiben können, Plaut. truc. 735. Cornif. rhet. 3, 30. Vitr. 1, 1, 4; dah. auch = die Buchführung verstehen, Cic. de rep. 5, 5 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): si unam litteram Graecam scisset (verstanden hätte), Cic. Verr. 4, 127: lapidarias litteras scire, die Lapidarschrift kennen, Petron. 58, 7: nullam litteram scripsisse (schriftlich aufgezeichnet haben, v. einem Dichter), Cic.: has (litteras) gallina scripsit, Plaut.: super (oben über der Tür) quadratā litterā scriptum CAVE CANEM, Petron.: lex vetusta est, priscis litteris verbisque scripta, Liv.: litterarum ductus sequi, Quint.: sonos vocis paucis litterarum notis terminare, auf nur w. B. beschränken = mit nur w. B. bezeichnen, Cic.: locum (eine Stelle aus einem Buche) ad litteras subicere, buchstäblich unten anführen, Ouint.: ut plerique in litteras tradunt, schriftlich überliefern, Spart.: in reliquis rebus Graecis litteris uti, Caes.: suis litteris perverse uti, von der Rechten zur Linken schreiben (von den Ägyptern), Mela.
II) meton.: A) Sing. littera, 1) die Schriftzüge, die Handschrift jmds., Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, weil sie deinen Schriftzügen so ganz ähnlich war, Cic. ad Att. 7, 2, 3.
2) poet. statt Plur. litterae, das Geschriebene, die Aufzeichnung, a) das Schreiben, der Brief, Ov. her. 3, 1; 5, 2; 6, 9; 12, 114; amor. 1, 12, 2; met. 9, 515 u.a. Tibull. 3, 2, 27. Mart. 10, 73, 1. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 1, 685. – b) eine Handschrift = eine Schuldverschreibung, ein Schuldschein, littera poscetur, Ov. art. am. 1, 428. – c) eine Grabschrift, in sepulchro si non urna, tamen iunget nos littera, Ov. met. 11, 706. – d) die Literaturrichtung, Ov. trist. 5, 3, 54.
B) Plur. litterae, das Geschriebene, 1) im allg., die schriftliche Aufzeichnung, quod parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere, Liv. 6, 1, 2: rarae per ea tempora litterae erant, Liv. 7, 3, 6: eos, qui discunt, litteris confisos minus memoriae studere, Caes. b. G. 6, 14, 4 (versch. litteris confidere unten no. II, B, 2, c aus Vitr. 1, 1, 2): sed, quod litteris exstet (soweit die schr. Aufz. reicht), Pherecydes Syrius primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38: sed propria legis et ea, quae scripta sunt, et ea, quae sine litteris (ohne geschrieben zu sein) aut gentium iure aut maiorum more retinentur, Cic. part. or. 130.
2) insbes.: a) die Schrift, das Schriftstück, der Aufsatz, das Dokument, die Urkunde, die Verfügung, der Kontrakt, meae litterae, Cic.: litterae divinae, sanctae, heilige Schrift, Bibel, Lact.: dass. litterae sacrae, Augustin.: Graecae de philosophia litterae, Cic.: priscae Graecorum litterae, Cic.: litterae ad sacra pertinentes, Ritualbücher, Lact.: litterae publicae (Urkunden), Cic.: litterae imperatorum, Schriftstücke, Dokumente, Tac.: hanc scientiam pluribus et illustrioribus litteris (Werke) explicare, Cic.: cedo mihi eiusdem praetoris litteras (Schriften, Protokolle) et rerum decretarum et frumenti imperati, Cic.: eos libros omnes litterasque deferre, Bücher u. Schriften (Weissagebücher, Gebetsformeln, Ritualbücher), Liv.: heres eius venit eo, ubi non modo res (das Vermögen) erat, sed ratio (Rechnungen) quoque omnis et omnes litterae (alle darauf bezüglichen Schriftstücke), Cic.: litteras (schriftliche Beweise) conquirere, Cic.: sanctae litterae docent (in der Bibel steht), m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Lact.: quas ego litteras (Urkunden) obsignandas publico signo et deportandas (hierher bringen) curavi, Cic.: cum ab omnibus (civitatibus Siciliae) mandata, legatos, litteras (Urkunden) testimoniaque sumpsissem (angenommen hatte), Cic.: hic propter magnitudinem furti sunt, ut opinor, litterae factae, ist ein Kaufbrief (Kaufkontrakt) angefertigt worden, Cic.: litteras (das Ernennungsschreiben, Diplom) revocavit, Suet.
b) der Brief, das Schreiben, auch ein amtliches, der Bericht, der Erlaß, die Botschaft, Depesche, der Auftrag (vgl. epistula), litterae ab alqo, Caes.: litterae ad alqm, Cic.: litterae in (gegen) alqm, Tac. ann. 6, 9: ecce tuae litterae de Varrone, Cic. – nuntii litteraeque, litterae nuntiique, Caes. – litterae regis, Liv.: litterae Caesaris, Caes.: litterae grates agentes, Danksagungsschreiben, Tac.: litterae commendantium, Empfehlungsschreiben, Fronto: litterae paucorum versuum (Zeilen), Liv. – res dignae litteris nostris, die verdienen, daß ich sie dir mitteile, Cic.: ad litteras scribendas pigerrimus, Cael. in Cic. ep.: tempus mutum a litteris, Cic. – fasciculus litterarum, Cic.: libri (Faszikel) allatarum (angekommener) u. missarum (abgegangener) litterarum, Cic.: vicissitudo litterarum, Briefwechsel, Hieron. epist. 8 in. – tanta auctoritas litterarum, so wichtige Briefe, Cic.: brevitas tuarum litterarum, Cic.: tanta erat crebritas litterarum, Cic.: nullus delectus litterarum, Cic.: litterarum tuarum accuratissima diligentia, Cic.: exemplum (Abschrift) Caesaris litterarum, Cic.: humanitas litterarum tuarum, Cic.: inconstantia mearum litterarum, Cic.: inopia testium ac litterarum, Cic.: intermissio litterarum tuarum, Cic.: si intervallum longius erit mearum litterarum, Cic.: litterarum multitudine alci molestiorem esse, Cic.: litterarum neglegentia, Saumseligkeit im Briefschreiben, Cic.: prudentia litterarum tuarum valde mihi grata est, Cic.: iucundus est mihi sermo litterarum tuarum, Cic. – litterae acerbae, acerbissimae, Cic.: satis aculeatae, Cic.: amabiles, Cic.: antemeridianae, am Vormittag eingetroffene od. empfangene (Ggstz. postmeridianae od. vespertinae), Cic.: antiquiores litterae, von früherem Datum, Cic.: ardentes in alqm litterae, Cic.: litterae argutissimae, Cic.: atrocissimae (entsetzlicher), Cic.: breves, Cic.: commendaticiae, Empfehlungsschreiben, Cic. u. ICt.: binae continuae, Cic.: commendatoriae, Empfehlungsschreiben, Sidon.: consolatoriae, Trostschreiben, Cic.: contrariae, Erlasse, die Widersprüche enthalten, Cic.: crebrae, Cic.: crebrae Pompei, Caes.: crebriores litterae nuntiique, Caes.: litterae dignae Ap. Claudio, Cic.: disertae, mit rednerischer Kunst geschriebener, Cic.: domesticae, Familienbriefe, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: exitiales, Liv.: exspectatissimae, Cic.: falsae, Cic. u. Liv.: frigidae et inconstantes Lepidi, Cic.: gratissimae, Cic.: gratulatoriae, Glückwunsch, Augustin.: litterae tuae mirabiliter gratae sunt senatui, Cic.: litterae humanissimae, Cic.: litterae illitteratissimae, Cic.: improbissimae, Cic.: Bibuli impudentissimae, Cic.: inanes (inhaltleere), Cic. ep. 6, 22, 1 (versch. von oben no. I): incorruptae, Cic.: iniquae, Unbilligkeiten enthaltende Erlasse, Cic.: inusitatae, etwas Ungewöhnliches enthaltende Erlasse, Cic.: iucundae mihi tuae de Britannia litterae, Cic.: laureatae litterae, Siegesnachrichten, Liv. (vgl. laureatus): litterae in Antonium admodum lenes, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: litterae paulo liberiores, Cic.: matutinae, am Morgen eingetroffene od. empfangene, Cic.: minaces et acerbae, Cic.: mordacissimae, Hieron.: novae, Cic.: odiosae, Cic.: Annali pergratae litterae tuae fuerunt, Cic.: litterae plenae amoris et officii, Cic.: plenae humanitatis, officii, dignitatis, Cic.: litterae alcis plenissimae amoris, humanitatis, officii, diligentiae, Cic.: litterae pomeridianae (postmeridianae), am Nachmittag eingetroffene od. empfangene, Cic.: litterae proximae (der letzte), Cic.: rarae, Cic.: publicae (amtliches), Cic.: recentissimae, Cic.: litterae Caesaris refertae omni officio, diligentiā, suavitate, Cic.: litterae superiores (vorige), Cic.: stomachosiores, Cic.: suaves, Cic.: tumultuosiores (beunruhigendes), Suet.: tristes, Cic.: tuae et unae et alterae litterae, Cic.: litterae uberiores, uberrimae, Cic.: litterae magnificis verbis, rerum vacuae, Tac.: litterae vehementes, Cic.: verbosiores alcis litterae, Nep.: litterae vespertinae, am Abend eingetroffene od. erhaltene (Ggstz. antemeridianae), Cic.: tuae litterae iam nimis veteres sunt, Cic.: Cassii litterae victrices, Siegesberichte, Siegesbotschaften, Cic.: litterae a scriba vitiatae, Liv. – ab alqo litteras accipere, Cic.: litteras Romae accipere, Cic.: accepisse alcis litteras a. d. quintum Terminalia Laodiceae, Cic.: litterae, quas proxime acceperam, Cic.: litteras adiungere (beischließen), Cic.: litteras afferre (überbringen), zB. is qui litteras attulit, der Überbringer des Br., Cic.: litterae afferuntur, treffen ein, zB. nimium raro nobis abs te litterae afferuntur, Cic.: alci afferuntur ex Asia cotidie litterae, Cic.: litterae allatae ab urbe, Liv.: libri (Faszikel) allatarum litterarum (Ggstz. libri missarum litterarum), Cic.: litterae tuae mihi somnum attulerunt, Cic.: litteras aperire, Cic.: alqm crebris litteris appellare, Cic.: litteras approbare (als den seinigen anerkennen), Cic. ep. ad Brut.: quod antiquior dies (älteres Datum) in tuis fuisset ascripta litteris quam in Caesaris, Cic.: assentiri litteris regis, Cic.: crebro illius litterae ab aliis ad nos commeant, Cic.; vgl. cum litterae per milites commearent (übermittelt wurden), Tac.: litteris Labieni certiorem fieri m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Caes.: cognoscere ex litteris, Cic., ex nuntiis litterisque, Caes.: per litteras tecum quam saepissime colloquor, Cic.: committere alqd litteris, Cic.: litteras temere committere non audere, Cic.: alci paulo liberiores litteras committere non audere, Cic.: litteras componere ad alqm, Tac. (vgl. litterae a Graccho compositae, Tac.): si sciant, quid litterarum et cuius generis conficiam, Cic.: hae litterae vehementer confirmabant (ermutigte) mentes oppidanorum, Auct. b. Hisp.: conquiescent litterae, nisi quid novi exstiterit, Cic.: dare litteras alci, einhändigen, zur Bestellung mitgeben, Cic.: ebenso dare alci litteras ad alqm (an jmd.), Cic.: aber dare litteras ad alqm, an jmd. ausfertigen, mit jmd. korrespondieren, an jmd. schreiben, Cic.: ebenso ad alqm accuratissimas litteras dare, Cic.: satis aculeatas ad Dolabellam litteras dedi, Cic.: u. nihil ad alqm dare litterarum, Cic.: inde has litteras postridie ante lucem dedi, Cic.: binas a te accepi litteras Corcyrae datas, Cic.: litterae datae Idibus Nov., mit dem Datum vom 13. Nov., Cic.: dedere alci litteras, einhändigen, zur Bestellung mitgeben, Cic.: litteras deferre ad alqm, Cic.: Leonidae litterae me non satis delectarunt, Cic.: vehementer delector tuis litteris, Cic.: describere alqd litteris, Cael. in Cic. ep.: desiderare alcis litteras, Cic.: elicere alcis litteras, Cic., alcis verbosiores litteras, Nep.: elicere alias ab alqo litteras, Cic.: exanimatus tuis litteris, Cic.: exarare litteras inter cenam, Cic. fr., ad alqm harum litterarum exemplum in codicillis, Cic.: litteras excĭdisse in via, seien unterwegs verloren gegangen, Cic.: alcis litteras exspectare, avide od. vehementer exspectare, cotidie exspectare, Cic.: statim extrudere (hinausjagen = in aller Eile abschicken) tabellarios litterasque ad Ciceronem, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: flagitare ab alqo promissa per litteras, Cic.: inde ad Antonium fratrem litteras facere (ausfertigen), Iustin. 27, 2, 6 (vgl. heri effeci epistulam ad Caesarem, Cic. ad Att. 13, 26, 2): gratulari alci litteris, Cic.: abs te proximas (letzten) litteras habebam Epheso a. d. V. Idus Sextil. datas, Cic.: impetrare alqd litteris paucorum versuum, Liv.: in ipsum discessum senatus incĭdisse credo meas litteras, Cic.: litterae incĭdunt in alienum, fallen in fremde Hand, Cic.: quantum ex tuis litteris intellegere potui, Cic.: litteras alcis intercipere, Cic. u.a.: litterae intereunt (gehen verloren), Cic.: invito eum per litteras, ut apud me deversetur, Cic.: alcis litteras legere, Cic., legisse libentissime, Cic.: aber legere (vorlesen) alci litteras, Tac.: tuae litterae planius loquebantur et uberius quam volgi sermo, Cic.: alci per litteras magnopere mandare, ne etc., Caes.: alci minari in litteris, Cic.: mittere alcis litteras ad alqm, Cic.: mittere ad alqm litteras, an jmd. einen Brief abgehen lassen = an jmd. schreiben, zB. confestim ad Caesarem, Caes.: domum ad se, Cic.: ad senatum populumque Rom. de rebus a se gestis, Liv.: Cn. Pompei litterae ad Hvpsaeum et Hypsaei ad Pompeium missae, Cic.: so auch litteras mittere (einen Brief schicken mit der Meldung, brieflich melden) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Auct. b. Hisp. 28, 2: litteras mittere ad alqm (den Auftrag schicken) mit folg. ut u. Konj., Hirt. b. G. 8, 6, 3 u.a. Caes. b. c. 1, 9, 3. Auct. b. Alex. 42, 5 u. 44, 2: ebenso litteras mittere alci, ut etc., Auct. b. Hisp. 4. § 4: u. litteras mittere ad alqm mit folg. bl. Konj., Caes. b. c. 3, 23, 3. Auct. b. Alex. 59, 3: litteras (schriftliche Aufforderung) nuntiosque ad alqm mittere mit folg. ne u. Konj., Caes. b. G. 1, 26, 6: queri apud alqm per litteras mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic.: lex litteras iudicum signis obsignari iubet, Cic.: obstrepere alcis litteris, Cic.: litteras perferre, richtig bestellen, Caes.: ad me mihi exspectatissimae litterae perferuntur, Cic.: unis litteris totius aestatis res gestas perscribere, Cic.: praemisit mihi odiosas litteras hoc exemplo, Cic.: recitare alcis litteras, Cic.: recitatis litteris per (von) Xenarchum praetorem, Liv.: reddere alci litteras, einhändigen, Cic. u.a.: crebro regustare alcis litteras, Cic.: litteras Caesari remittit (er berichtet an C. zurück) m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Caes. b. G. 5, 47, 5: requirere alcis litteras, einen Br. von jmd. verlangen, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: litteras resignare, Cic.: rescribere ad eas litteras, ad eas ei litteras nihil, Cic.: alcis litteris respondere, brevi respondere, Cic.: litterae eorum decretis decumanorum remotae sunt, sind beiseite geschafft worden, Cic.: litteras alcis scindere (zerreißen), Cic.: litterae falsae, signo adulterino T. Quinctii signatae, Liv.: non nihil significabant (enthielt leise Andeutungen) tuae litterae m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. ep. 2, 13, 2: scribere litteras, Caes., ad alqm, Cic.: extemplo scribere litteras Romam, Liv.: de alqo ad alqm humanissimas litteras scribere, Cic.: litterae tam accurate scriptae, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: moderate et benigne scriptas esse censentes litteras, Liv.: ita sunt litterae humaniter scriptae, Cic. fr.: litterae scriptae humanissime, Cic.: Vettius testatur litteris tuum impudentissimum furtum, Cic.: ad tuas venio litteras, ich komme nun auf deinen Br., Cic.: a te litterae non venerunt (sind angekommen), Cael. in Cic. ep.: dum tibi litterae meae veniant, Cic.: litterae Capuam ad Pompeium volare dicebantur, es hieß, ein Kurier mit einer Depesche sei nach K. zu P. geeilt, Cic. c) wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse od. Bildung, Wissenschaften, Gelehrsamkeit, wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung, wissenschaftliche Studien, Sprachstudium, Sprachwissenschaft, Literatur, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, Cic.: litterarum scientia, Cic.: litterarum studium, Cic.: Graecarum litterarum doctor, Nep.: gymnasium litterarum, Sidon. epist. 1, 6, 2: civitas litterarum, Cassiod. var. 5, 22, 1. – litterae altiores, Plin.: communes (gewöhnliche w. K.), Cic.: domesticae, theoretische, wissensch. Bestrebungen (Ggstz. forenses artes, die praktischen auf dem Forum), Cic.: elementariae, Elementarkenntnisse, Capit.: Graecae, Latinae, Cic.: interiores, Cael. in Cic. ep.: interiores et reconditae, Cic.: oratoriae, Lact.: Graecorum penitissimae, Macr.: serviles, Sen.: vulgares, Cic. – cupidissimus litterarum, Nep.: litteris omnibus a pueritia deditus, Cic.: doctus Graecis litteris, Cic.: Graecis litteris eruditus, Cic.: eruditissimus et Graecis litteris et Latinis, Cic.: Graecarum litterarum expers od. rudis, Nep.: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers, Cic.: ignarus etiam servilium litterarum, der nicht einmal so viel Wissenschaften kennt wie ein Sklave, Sen.: litteris elementariis et calculo imbutus, im Lesen u. Schreiben u. im Rechnen unterrichtet, Capit.: perfectus in litteris, wissenschaftlich ausgebildet, Cic.: in primis studiosus litterarum, Nep.: litteris tinctus, einen Anstrich von wissensch. Bildung besitzend, Cic.: alter litterator fuit, alter litteras sciens, ein wissensch. gebildeter Mann, ein wirklicher Gelehrter, Gell. – abdere se litteris od. in litteras, Cic.: abest historia litteris nostris (unserer Literatur), Cic.: abhorrere a litteris, ab humanitate, für einen wirklich durchgebildeten Menschen sich nicht ziemen, Cic.: litteras amare, Nep.: litterarum studium arripere, sich auf die Beschäftigung mit den Wissenschaften werfen, Nep.: litteris confidere, sich bloß auf wissensch. Studien stützen, Vitr. 1, 1, 2 (vgl. oben no. II, B, 1): se per litteras consolari, Cic.: sine litteris contendere, ohne wissensch. Studium sich bemühen, Vitr.: illae scilicet litterae conticuerunt forenses et senatoriae, Cic.: dare se huic etiam generi litterarum, Cic.: huic studio litterarum penitus se dedere, Cic.: dedere se litteris, Cic.: dedere se litteris sermonique Persarum, Nep.: dedere se ad litteras memoriasque veteres, Gell.: delectari in litteris, Cic.: Graecas litteras (das Griechische) in senectute didicisse, Cic.: in Bithynia oratorias litteras docere, Lact.: id litterae docent, das lernen wir durch die Sprachwissenschaft, Cic.: de Graecorum penitissimis litteris hanc historiam eruisse, Macr.: explicare alcis litteras, jmds. Studium betreiben, Cic.: philosophiam Latinis litteris illustrare, Cic.: litteris se involvere, Cic.: alqd Latinis litteris mandare, in die lat. Sprache od. Literatur übertragen, Cic. de fin. 1, 1. – nescire litteras, ohne gelehrte Kenntnisse (wissenschaftliche Bildung) sein, Cic. Brut. 259 (versch. von oben no. I): non eā re litteras quoque alias nescio, so bin ich doch deshalb sonst nicht ohne wissenschaftliche Bildung, Gell. 4, 1, 13: neque ullos versus neque ullas litteras nosse, irgend etwas Wissenschaftliches verstehen, Cic.: nunc mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina (Philosophie) prodest, Cic.: scire litteras, wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse besitzen, Cic. de fin. 2, 12 (versch. von oben no. I): u. so litterarum admodum nihil sciebat, wissenschaftl. Bildung besaß er gar nicht, Cic. Brut. 210: studere litteris, Cic.: aut litteris Graecis aut sermoni studere, Iustin.: erant in eo plurimae litterae nec eae vulgares, sed interiores quaedam et reconditae, Cic.: litteris sustentari et recreari, Cic.: omnia reliqua tempora litteris tribuere, Nep.: non nihil temporis tribuere litteris, Nep.: aut possem vivere, nisi in litteris viverem? Cic.: litteras vorare cum alqo, Cic. – / Die Schreibung littera gew. in den besten Hdschrn. u. in Inschrn. (zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 4, 1891; 5, 532, 2, 1; 6, 1751. Edict. Diocl. 7, 66; vgl. Brambach Hilfsb. S. 46); doch auch litera, s. Fleckeisen im Rhein. Mus. 8, 229.
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15 praecipio
prae-cipio, cēpī, ceptum, ere (prae u. capio), vorher-vorausnehmen, -bekommen, I) eig.: A) im allg.: aquam, Lucr.: pecuniam mutuam, im voraus borgen, Caes.: iter, einen Vorsprung gewinnen, Liv.: u. so iter festinando, Curt.: so auch longius spatium fugā, Liv.: bellum, vorher anfangen, Tac.: mons a Lusitanis praeceptus, vorher besetzt, Sall. fr.: si lac praeceperit aestus, wenn die Hitze die Milch vorher vertrocknet hat, ehe wir melken, Verg.: fata veneno, dem Tode durch Gift zuvorkommen, sich vergiften, Flor.: aliquantum ad fugam temporis, einen ziemlichen Vorsprung in der Zeit gewinnen, Liv.: tempore praecepto, wegen des Vorsprunges in der Zeit, Liv.: maturitatem praecepit aestus, die Hitze führte Notreife herbei, Ps. Quint. decl. 12, 4: praecipitur seges, die Saat reift zu rasch, Ov. fast. 4, 940. – B) insbes., als jurist. t. t. = etw. (bei Erbschaften) voraus bekommen, voraus erben, summam, dotem, ICt.: quinquaginta milia nummûm, Plin. ep. 10, 75 (79), 2: absol., Plin. ep. 5, 7, 1. – II) übtr.: A) im allg.: praecipio gaudia suppliciorum vestrorum, ich freue mich im voraus auf die T., die euch bervorsteht, Anton. b. Cic.: so auch spectatissimi triumphi laetitiam, Hirt b. G.: u. eius rei laetitiam, Liv.: spem, im voraus hoffen, Liv.: laudem, velut in herba vel flore, schon vorher ernten, Tac. dial.: rem famā, im voraus erfahren, Liv.: victoriam animo, im voraus sich vorstellen, Caes.: consilia hostium, vorherwissen, ehe sie ausgeführt werden, Cic.: quas enim ipse mihi partes sumpseram, eas praecepit (in denen hat vorgegriffen) oratio tua, Cic.: pr. cogitatione futura, im voraus denken, sich vorstellen, Cic.: hostem spe, hoffen auf den F., Verg.: omnia praecepi (mir vorgestellt) atque animo mecum ante peregi, Verg.: alqd consilio prudentiāque, durch Klugheit vorher tun od. sich vorstellen, Cic.: res humanas praeceptas habere, vorher gelernt, sich bekannt gemacht haben, Cic.: si me praeceperit fatum, vorher hinweggerafft hat, Curt. – opinione pr., vorher vermuten, m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Caes. b. G. 7, 9, 1. – absol., sed alterum mihi est certius; nec praecipiam tamen, ich will jedoch nicht vorgreifen, Cic. ad Att. 10, 1, 2. – B) insbes., im voraus anweisen, vorschreiben, a) übh. = jmd. über etwas belehren, jmdm. über etw. Vorschriften oder Auskunft erteilen, jmdm. vorschreiben, die Weisung (den Befehl) zukommen lassen, raten, anraten, vorschlagen, ans Herz legen, verordnen, befehlen, die Verfügung treffen, hoc tibi praecipio, diese Regel gebe ich dir, dies rate ich dir usw., Cic.: quidquid praecipies, esto brevis, in allen deinen Regeln usw., Hor.: alci sollertiam, Curt.: alci nihil, Curt.: summo studio et tempestatum rationem et praedonum et locorum, wie es stehe mit usw., Cic. – m. folg. ut od. ne u. Konj., illud potius praecipiendum fuit, ut etc., Cic.: legati ut tum exirent, praecepit, Nep.: recte praecipi potest in amicitiis, ne etc., Cic.: haec praecipienda videntur lectoribus, ne alienos mores ad suos referant, Nep. – mit folg. bl. Coniunctiv, praecipit omnes mortales pecuniā aggrediantur, Sall.: semper se nepoti suo praecepisse abiret studeretque, Plin. ep. – mit folg. Infin., temporibus parēre, Cic.: parcere omnibus, Cic.: sunt qui praecipiant herbas nocentes sumere, Ov.: praecipiunt (paeoniam) eruere noctu, Plin. – m. folg. Acc. u. Infin. Act., ceteros omnes decedere praecepit, Apul. met. 2, 5: redire mulierem in patriam praecepit, Spart. Sev. 15, 7: qui claudos praecipiebat incedere, Arnob. 1, 63: flumina fluere praecepit, Lact. 2, 5, 1: Vergilius errantium quoque siderum rationem ediscendam praecipit, Plin. 18, 209 (vgl. 23, 105). – gew. m. Acc. u. Infin. Pass., zB. ceteras (sarcinas) incendi praecepit, Curt. 6, 6 (21), 15: etiam scelere convictos nonnisi ad opus damnari praeceperat, Suet. Ner. 31, 3: pueros in agrum deduci praecepit, Iustin. 3, 3, 6; vgl. die Stellensammlung bei Dräger Hist. Synt.2 Bd. 2. S. 410 und Paucker De Latin. scriptt. hist. Aug. melet. p. 126 sq. – im Passiv praecipior pers. mit Infin. Act. (= mir wird befohlen, daß ich usw.), id quod agebat continuare praeceptus est, Amm. 15, 3, 9: saxum ferire et aquam producere praeceptus est, Sulp. Sev. chron. 1, 21, 7: merito incessanter praecipimur domino psallere, Cassiod. in psalm. 97 concl.; od. mit Infin. Pass. (= es wird befohlen, daß ich usw.), Philoromus auriga rapi praeceptus, Amm. 15, 7, 2 (u. so 20, 4, 6; 29, 3, 5); vgl. Iuven. 14, 229, wo nach Bücheler Rhein. Mus. 43, 295 conduplicari zu lesen ist. – absol., ut praeceperat, Curt.: ut erat praeceptum, Caes.: sicut praeceptum erat, Curt. – b) vorschreiben = lehren, mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., an ratio parum praecipit (lehrt) nec bonum illud esse nec porro malum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 39. – bes. als Lehrer in Büchern oder in der Schule etw. lehren, vortragen, in etw. Unterricht geben usw., artem, Ov.: alci rationem tempestatum, Cic.: praecipe cantus, lehre mich, gib mir ein, hilf mir singen usw., Hor. – absol. = Lehrer sein, Unterricht geben, de eloquentia, Cic.: alci, Suet.: Partiz. subst., praecipientes, die Lehrenden, die Lehrer, inscientia praecipientium, Tac. dial.: eum in numero praecipientium non habeo, Quint.: und die bloß Lehrenden = die Theoretiker, Quint. 2, 6, 1.
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16 funeral
noun1) Beerdigung, die2) attrib.funeral procession — Leichenzug, der (geh.)
funeral service — Trauerfeier, die
3) (coll.): (concern)* * *['fju:nərəl](the ceremony before the burying or cremation of a dead body: A large number of people attended the president's funeral; ( also adjective) a funeral procession.) das Begräbnis, Begräbnis-...* * *fu·ner·al[ˈfju:nərəl]to attend a \funeral auf eine Beerdigung gehen\funeral preparations Beerdigungsvorbereitungen pl\funeral service Trauergottesdienst m* * *['fjuːnə rəl]nBegräbnis nt, Beerdigung f, Beisetzung f (form)well, that's your funeral (inf) — na ja, das ist dein persönliches Pech (inf), das ist dein Problem (inf)
* * *funeral [ˈfjuːnərəl]A s1. Begräbnis n, Beerdigung f, Bestattung f, Beisetzung f:he’s at a funeral er ist auf einem Begräbnis2. Leichenzug m3. umg Sorge f, Sache f:that’s your funeral das ist deine Sache oder dein Problem;it wasn’t my funeral es ging mich nichts anB adj Begräbnis…, Leichen…, Trauer…, Grab…:funeral allowance Sterbegeld n;funeral director Bestattungsunternehmer(in);funeral parlo(u)r Leichenhalle f;funeral procession Leichenzug m;funeral service Trauergottesdienst m;* * *noun1) Beerdigung, die2) attrib.funeral director — Bestattungsunternehmer, der
funeral procession — Leichenzug, der (geh.)
funeral service — Trauerfeier, die
3) (coll.): (concern)* * *(with burial) n.Begräbnis n. adj.Begräbnis- präfix.Leichenbegängnis n. n.Beerdigung f.Beisetzung f.Bestattung f. -
17 Angeborener Auslösemechanismus
An·ge·bo·re·ner Aus·lö·se·me·cha·nis·musm BIOL innate releasing mechanismDeutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Angeborener Auslösemechanismus
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18 Zwölftöner
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19 componer
kɔmpo'nɛrv irr1) verfassen, setzen, kitten2) ( mejorar) ausbessern, ausarbeiten3) MUS komponieren4) ( arreglar) in Ordnung bringen5) ( reconciliar) versöhnen6) ( crear una obra del espíritu) schaffen, schreiben, dichten7) ( restaurar) ausbessern, reparieren8)componer un texto — ( en la imprenta) einen Text setzen
verbo transitivo1. [formar] zusammensetzen2. [constituir] bilden3. [música] komponieren[literatura] verfassen4. [arreglar] reparieren5. [adornar] schmücken6. [en tipografía] setzen————————componerse verbo pronominal1. [estar formado] sich zusammensetzen2. [adornarse] sich zurechtmachen3. (americanismo) [curarse] gesund werden4. (locución)allá se las componga damit soll er/sie alleine klarkommencomponercomponer [kompo'ner]num2num (constituir) bildennum4num tipografía (ab)setzennum5num (realizar) anfertigennum7num (corregir) berichtigennum8num (asear) zurechtmachennum2num (arreglarse) sich zurechtmachen -
20 littera
littera, ae, f. (lino), der Buchstabe, I) eig.: A littera, Cic., u. littera A, Vitr.: U et O litterae, Quint.: verba ac litterae legis, der B. des G. (Ggstz. sententia voluntasque), Cic. – nescius litterarum, der nicht schreiben kann, Varro: ignarus litterarum et carminum, Tac.: lenis appellatio litterarum, Cic.: litterarum ductus, Züge der B., Quint.: prima litterarum elementa, das ABC, Alphabet, Quint.: litterae figura, Plin.: litterarum formae, Cic., Quint. u. Tac.: Graecae litterae imago, quae delta dicitur, Mela (vgl. Delta, quod nomen a similitudine litterae accepit, Auct. b. Alex.): litterarum inventores, Tac.: miraculum litterarum (der B. = der Schreibkunst), Liv.: litterarum u. priscarum litterarum notae (Schriftzeichen), Cic.: litterarum nomina, Vib. Sequ.: litterarum nomina et contextus, Quint.: litterarum ordo, Plin. u. Suet.: series litterarum, Amm.: scientia litterarum, Schreibkunst, Paul. dig. 29, 2, 93. § 1 (vesch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): litterarum simulacra, Sen.: homo trium litterarum, d.i. FUR, der Dieb, Plaut.: is (magister pastorum) sine litteris (ohne lesen u. schreiben zu können) idoneus non est, Varro. – litterae argenteae, Cic., aureae, Tac.: unius et viginti litterarum formae aureae, Cic.: littera (die Schriftzüge AI) communis pueroque viroque, Ov.: litterae cruentae, Cic.: eburneae litterarum formae, Quint.: littera finalis, Endbuchstabe, Macr.: fu-————nesta (die Schriftzüge der Totenklage AI), Ov.: litterae grandes, Unzial-, Versalbuchstaben, Cic.: littera Graeca, Cic. u.a.: quattuor atque viginti Graecae litterae, Aur. Vict.: litterae inanes (tote), Liv. 3, 56, 13 u. 33, 31, 2 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, b): lapidariae, Steinschrift, Lapidarschrift, Petron.: Latinae, Cic. u. Tac.: lepidae, Plaut.: littera longa, Plaut.: litterae maximae, Unzialbuchstaben, Cic.: minutae, Plaut. u. Cic.: minutulae, Vopisc., minutissimae, Suet.: littera quadrata, Unzialschrift, Petron.: litterae oblitteratae, Tac.: priscae, Cic. u. Liv.: littera salutaris (das A als Abkürzung von absolvo), Ggstz. littera tristis (das C als Abkürzung von condemno), Cic. Mil. 15: littera sanguinolenta, Ov.: litterae veterrimae Graecorum, Tac. – tres litteras adicere (sc. Latinis litteris), Tac.: obscenius concurrunt litterae, Cic.: Helvetiorum tabulae litteris Graecis confectae, Caes.: epistula Graecis conscripta litteris, Caes.: tabula conscripta litteris verbisque Graecis, Suet.: alqd litteris consignare od. custodire, etw. schriftlich aufzeichnen, Cic.: hinc liber non parum continet litterarum, ist schon ausführlich genug geworden, Cic.: eos versus in litteras dare, niederschreiben, Macr.: digerere in litteram, alphabetisch ordnen, Sen.: litteras discere, das Alphabet lernen, Plaut.: litterarum nomina et contextum prius quam formas discere, Quint.: apud alqm litteras discere, bei jmd. lesen lernen, Cic.: litte-————ra pro verbis, quam pes in pulvere duxit, Schriftzeichen, die der Fuß im St. zog, Ov.: reliquas gemmas per litterarum ordinem (in alphabetischer Ordnung) explicare, Plin.: nulla quae possit exstat littera Nasonis sanguinolenta legi, Ov.: ne illi sit cera, ubi facere possit litteras (schreiben könne), Plaut.: ne litteram quidem ullam focimus (habe geschrieben) nisi forensem, Cic.: ex se facere litteram longam (ein I), sich aufhängen, Plaut.: eius diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figere in curia, in goldener Schrift an der Kurie anbringen, Tac.: littera fundit se (zerfließt auf dem Papier), Plin.: haerere circa litterarum formas, noch beim Buchstabieren stehen, Quint.: rostro humi A litteram imprimere (v. Schwein), Cic.: litteras incīdere in lignum, Gell.: grandibus litteris nomen incīdere, Cic.: foedus litteris incīdere, Liv.: in basi statuarum maximis litteris incisum esse, Cic.: de alqa re littera nulla in eorum scriptis invenitur, Cic.: legere (lesen können) litteras minutulas, Vopisc.: alqd litteris mandare, niederschreiben, Cic. u. Caes.: ad me litteram numquam misit, Cic. (u. so ellipt., neque ullam litteram ad me, verst. misit, Cic.): alqm (= alcis vitam) in litteras mittere, jmds. Leben niederschreiben, Vopisc.: vellem nescirem litteras! u. quam vellem nescire litteras! o daß ich doch nicht schreiben könnte! Sen. de clem. 2, 1, 2 u. Suet. Ner. 10, 2 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): litteris parcere,————das Papier schonen, Cic.: nullam litteram pupillo, nullam matri eius, nullam tutoribus reddidit, gab dafür keinen B., Cic.: vitam alcis in litteras referre, niederschreiben, Vopisc.: sedecim litterarum formas repperisse, Tac.: litteram nullam reliquisse (hinterlassen haben), Cic.: littera alia aliam scandit, Plaut.: scire litteras, die B. kennen = lesen od. schreiben können, Plaut. truc. 735. Cornif. rhet. 3, 30. Vitr. 1, 1, 4; dah. auch = die Buchführung verstehen, Cic. de rep. 5, 5 (versch. von unten no. II, B, 2, c): si unam litteram Graecam scisset (verstanden hätte), Cic. Verr. 4, 127: lapidarias litteras scire, die Lapidarschrift kennen, Petron. 58, 7: nullam litteram scripsisse (schriftlich aufgezeichnet haben, v. einem Dichter), Cic.: has (litteras) gallina scripsit, Plaut.: super (oben über der Tür) quadratā litterā scriptum CAVE CANEM, Petron.: lex vetusta est, priscis litteris verbisque scripta, Liv.: litterarum ductus sequi, Quint.: sonos vocis paucis litterarum notis terminare, auf nur w. B. beschränken = mit nur w. B. bezeichnen, Cic.: locum (eine Stelle aus einem Buche) ad litteras subicere, buchstäblich unten anführen, Ouint.: ut plerique in litteras tradunt, schriftlich überliefern, Spart.: in reliquis rebus Graecis litteris uti, Caes.: suis litteris perverse uti, von der Rechten zur Linken schreiben (von den Ägyptern), Mela.————Handschrift jmds., Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae, weil sie deinen Schriftzügen so ganz ähnlich war, Cic. ad Att. 7, 2, 3.2) poet. statt Plur. litterae, das Geschriebene, die Aufzeichnung, a) das Schreiben, der Brief, Ov. her. 3, 1; 5, 2; 6, 9; 12, 114; amor. 1, 12, 2; met. 9, 515 u.a. Tibull. 3, 2, 27. Mart. 10, 73, 1. Vgl. Neue-Wagener Formenl.3 1, 685. – b) eine Handschrift = eine Schuldverschreibung, ein Schuldschein, littera poscetur, Ov. art. am. 1, 428. – c) eine Grabschrift, in sepulchro si non urna, tamen iunget nos littera, Ov. met. 11, 706. – d) die Literaturrichtung, Ov. trist. 5, 3, 54.B) Plur. litterae, das Geschriebene, 1) im allg., die schriftliche Aufzeichnung, quod parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere, Liv. 6, 1, 2: rarae per ea tempora litterae erant, Liv. 7, 3, 6: eos, qui discunt, litteris confisos minus memoriae studere, Caes. b. G. 6, 14, 4 (versch. litteris confidere unten no. II, B, 2, c aus Vitr. 1, 1, 2): sed, quod litteris exstet (soweit die schr. Aufz. reicht), Pherecydes Syrius primus dixit animos esse hominum sempiternos, Cic. Tusc. 1, 38: sed propria legis et ea, quae scripta sunt, et ea, quae sine litteris (ohne geschrieben zu sein) aut gentium iure aut maiorum more retinentur, Cic. part. or. 130.————2) insbes.: a) die Schrift, das Schriftstück, der Aufsatz, das Dokument, die Urkunde, die Verfügung, der Kontrakt, meae litterae, Cic.: litterae divinae, sanctae, heilige Schrift, Bibel, Lact.: dass. litterae sacrae, Augustin.: Graecae de philosophia litterae, Cic.: priscae Graecorum litterae, Cic.: litterae ad sacra pertinentes, Ritualbücher, Lact.: litterae publicae (Urkunden), Cic.: litterae imperatorum, Schriftstücke, Dokumente, Tac.: hanc scientiam pluribus et illustrioribus litteris (Werke) explicare, Cic.: cedo mihi eiusdem praetoris litteras (Schriften, Protokolle) et rerum decretarum et frumenti imperati, Cic.: eos libros omnes litterasque deferre, Bücher u. Schriften (Weissagebücher, Gebetsformeln, Ritualbücher), Liv.: heres eius venit eo, ubi non modo res (das Vermögen) erat, sed ratio (Rechnungen) quoque omnis et omnes litterae (alle darauf bezüglichen Schriftstücke), Cic.: litteras (schriftliche Beweise) conquirere, Cic.: sanctae litterae docent (in der Bibel steht), m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Lact.: quas ego litteras (Urkunden) obsignandas publico signo et deportandas (hierher bringen) curavi, Cic.: cum ab omnibus (civitatibus Siciliae) mandata, legatos, litteras (Urkunden) testimoniaque sumpsissem (angenommen hatte), Cic.: hic propter magnitudinem furti sunt, ut opinor, litterae factae, ist ein Kaufbrief (Kaufkontrakt) angefertigt worden, Cic.: litteras (das Ernennungsschreiben, Di-————plom) revocavit, Suet.b) der Brief, das Schreiben, auch ein amtliches, der Bericht, der Erlaß, die Botschaft, Depesche, der Auftrag (vgl. epistula), litterae ab alqo, Caes.: litterae ad alqm, Cic.: litterae in (gegen) alqm, Tac. ann. 6, 9: ecce tuae litterae de Varrone, Cic. – nuntii litteraeque, litterae nuntiique, Caes. – litterae regis, Liv.: litterae Caesaris, Caes.: litterae grates agentes, Danksagungsschreiben, Tac.: litterae commendantium, Empfehlungsschreiben, Fronto: litterae paucorum versuum (Zeilen), Liv. – res dignae litteris nostris, die verdienen, daß ich sie dir mitteile, Cic.: ad litteras scribendas pigerrimus, Cael. in Cic. ep.: tempus mutum a litteris, Cic. – fasciculus litterarum, Cic.: libri (Faszikel) allatarum (angekommener) u. missarum (abgegangener) litterarum, Cic.: vicissitudo litterarum, Briefwechsel, Hieron. epist. 8 in. – tanta auctoritas litterarum, so wichtige Briefe, Cic.: brevitas tuarum litterarum, Cic.: tanta erat crebritas litterarum, Cic.: nullus delectus litterarum, Cic.: litterarum tuarum accuratissima diligentia, Cic.: exemplum (Abschrift) Caesaris litterarum, Cic.: humanitas litterarum tuarum, Cic.: inconstantia mearum litterarum, Cic.: inopia testium ac litterarum, Cic.: intermissio litterarum tuarum, Cic.: si intervallum longius erit mearum litterarum, Cic.: litterarum multitudine alci molestiorem esse, Cic.: litterarum neglegentia,————Saumseligkeit im Briefschreiben, Cic.: prudentia litterarum tuarum valde mihi grata est, Cic.: iucundus est mihi sermo litterarum tuarum, Cic. – litterae acerbae, acerbissimae, Cic.: satis aculeatae, Cic.: amabiles, Cic.: antemeridianae, am Vormittag eingetroffene od. empfangene (Ggstz. postmeridianae od. vespertinae), Cic.: antiquiores litterae, von früherem Datum, Cic.: ardentes in alqm litterae, Cic.: litterae argutissimae, Cic.: atrocissimae (entsetzlicher), Cic.: breves, Cic.: commendaticiae, Empfehlungsschreiben, Cic. u. ICt.: binae continuae, Cic.: commendatoriae, Empfehlungsschreiben, Sidon.: consolatoriae, Trostschreiben, Cic.: contrariae, Erlasse, die Widersprüche enthalten, Cic.: crebrae, Cic.: crebrae Pompei, Caes.: crebriores litterae nuntiique, Caes.: litterae dignae Ap. Claudio, Cic.: disertae, mit rednerischer Kunst geschriebener, Cic.: domesticae, Familienbriefe, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: exitiales, Liv.: exspectatissimae, Cic.: falsae, Cic. u. Liv.: frigidae et inconstantes Lepidi, Cic.: gratissimae, Cic.: gratulatoriae, Glückwunsch, Augustin.: litterae tuae mirabiliter gratae sunt senatui, Cic.: litterae humanissimae, Cic.: litterae illitteratissimae, Cic.: improbissimae, Cic.: Bibuli impudentissimae, Cic.: inanes (inhaltleere), Cic. ep. 6, 22, 1 (versch. von oben no. I): incorruptae, Cic.: iniquae, Unbilligkeiten enthaltende Erlasse, Cic.: inusitatae, etwas Ungewöhnliches enthaltende Erlasse,————Cic.: iucundae mihi tuae de Britannia litterae, Cic.: laureatae litterae, Siegesnachrichten, Liv. (vgl. laureatus): litterae in Antonium admodum lenes, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: litterae paulo liberiores, Cic.: matutinae, am Morgen eingetroffene od. empfangene, Cic.: minaces et acerbae, Cic.: mordacissimae, Hieron.: novae, Cic.: odiosae, Cic.: Annali pergratae litterae tuae fuerunt, Cic.: litterae plenae amoris et officii, Cic.: plenae humanitatis, officii, dignitatis, Cic.: litterae alcis plenissimae amoris, humanitatis, officii, diligentiae, Cic.: litterae pomeridianae (postmeridianae), am Nachmittag eingetroffene od. empfangene, Cic.: litterae proximae (der letzte), Cic.: rarae, Cic.: publicae (amtliches), Cic.: recentissimae, Cic.: litterae Caesaris refertae omni officio, diligentiā, suavitate, Cic.: litterae superiores (vorige), Cic.: stomachosiores, Cic.: suaves, Cic.: tumultuosiores (beunruhigendes), Suet.: tristes, Cic.: tuae et unae et alterae litterae, Cic.: litterae uberiores, uberrimae, Cic.: litterae magnificis verbis, rerum vacuae, Tac.: litterae vehementes, Cic.: verbosiores alcis litterae, Nep.: litterae vespertinae, am Abend eingetroffene od. erhaltene (Ggstz. antemeridianae), Cic.: tuae litterae iam nimis veteres sunt, Cic.: Cassii litterae victrices, Siegesberichte, Siegesbotschaften, Cic.: litterae a scriba vitiatae, Liv. – ab alqo litteras accipere, Cic.: litteras Romae accipere, Cic.: accepisse alcis litteras a. d. quintum Terminalia————Laodiceae, Cic.: litterae, quas proxime acceperam, Cic.: litteras adiungere (beischließen), Cic.: litteras afferre (überbringen), zB. is qui litteras attulit, der Überbringer des Br., Cic.: litterae afferuntur, treffen ein, zB. nimium raro nobis abs te litterae afferuntur, Cic.: alci afferuntur ex Asia cotidie litterae, Cic.: litterae allatae ab urbe, Liv.: libri (Faszikel) allatarum litterarum (Ggstz. libri missarum litterarum), Cic.: litterae tuae mihi somnum attulerunt, Cic.: litteras aperire, Cic.: alqm crebris litteris appellare, Cic.: litteras approbare (als den seinigen anerkennen), Cic. ep. ad Brut.: quod antiquior dies (älteres Datum) in tuis fuisset ascripta litteris quam in Caesaris, Cic.: assentiri litteris regis, Cic.: crebro illius litterae ab aliis ad nos commeant, Cic.; vgl. cum litterae per milites commearent (übermittelt wurden), Tac.: litteris Labieni certiorem fieri m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Caes.: cognoscere ex litteris, Cic., ex nuntiis litterisque, Caes.: per litteras tecum quam saepissime colloquor, Cic.: committere alqd litteris, Cic.: litteras temere committere non audere, Cic.: alci paulo liberiores litteras committere non audere, Cic.: litteras componere ad alqm, Tac. (vgl. litterae a Graccho compositae, Tac.): si sciant, quid litterarum et cuius generis conficiam, Cic.: hae litterae vehementer confirmabant (ermutigte) mentes oppidanorum, Auct. b. Hisp.: conquiescent litterae, nisi quid novi exstiterit, Cic.: dare litteras————alci, einhändigen, zur Bestellung mitgeben, Cic.: ebenso dare alci litteras ad alqm (an jmd.), Cic.: aber dare litteras ad alqm, an jmd. ausfertigen, mit jmd. korrespondieren, an jmd. schreiben, Cic.: ebenso ad alqm accuratissimas litteras dare, Cic.: satis aculeatas ad Dolabellam litteras dedi, Cic.: u. nihil ad alqm dare litterarum, Cic.: inde has litteras postridie ante lucem dedi, Cic.: binas a te accepi litteras Corcyrae datas, Cic.: litterae datae Idibus Nov., mit dem Datum vom 13. Nov., Cic.: dedere alci litteras, einhändigen, zur Bestellung mitgeben, Cic.: litteras deferre ad alqm, Cic.: Leonidae litterae me non satis delectarunt, Cic.: vehementer delector tuis litteris, Cic.: describere alqd litteris, Cael. in Cic. ep.: desiderare alcis litteras, Cic.: elicere alcis litteras, Cic., alcis verbosiores litteras, Nep.: elicere alias ab alqo litteras, Cic.: exanimatus tuis litteris, Cic.: exarare litteras inter cenam, Cic. fr., ad alqm harum litterarum exemplum in codicillis, Cic.: litteras excĭdisse in via, seien unterwegs verloren gegangen, Cic.: alcis litteras exspectare, avide od. vehementer exspectare, cotidie exspectare, Cic.: statim extrudere (hinausjagen = in aller Eile abschicken) tabellarios litterasque ad Ciceronem, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: flagitare ab alqo promissa per litteras, Cic.: inde ad Antonium fratrem litteras facere (ausfertigen), Iustin. 27, 2, 6 (vgl. heri effeci epistulam ad Caesarem, Cic. ad Att. 13, 26, 2): gratu-————lari alci litteris, Cic.: abs te proximas (letzten) litteras habebam Epheso a. d. V. Idus Sextil. datas, Cic.: impetrare alqd litteris paucorum versuum, Liv.: in ipsum discessum senatus incĭdisse credo meas litteras, Cic.: litterae incĭdunt in alienum, fallen in fremde Hand, Cic.: quantum ex tuis litteris intellegere potui, Cic.: litteras alcis intercipere, Cic. u.a.: litterae intereunt (gehen verloren), Cic.: invito eum per litteras, ut apud me deversetur, Cic.: alcis litteras legere, Cic., legisse libentissime, Cic.: aber legere (vorlesen) alci litteras, Tac.: tuae litterae planius loquebantur et uberius quam volgi sermo, Cic.: alci per litteras magnopere mandare, ne etc., Caes.: alci minari in litteris, Cic.: mittere alcis litteras ad alqm, Cic.: mittere ad alqm litteras, an jmd. einen Brief abgehen lassen = an jmd. schreiben, zB. confestim ad Caesarem, Caes.: domum ad se, Cic.: ad senatum populumque Rom. de rebus a se gestis, Liv.: Cn. Pompei litterae ad Hvpsaeum et Hypsaei ad Pompeium missae, Cic.: so auch litteras mittere (einen Brief schicken mit der Meldung, brieflich melden) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Auct. b. Hisp. 28, 2: litteras mittere ad alqm (den Auftrag schicken) mit folg. ut u. Konj., Hirt. b. G. 8, 6, 3 u.a. Caes. b. c. 1, 9, 3. Auct. b. Alex. 42, 5 u. 44, 2: ebenso litteras mittere alci, ut etc., Auct. b. Hisp. 4. § 4: u. litteras mittere ad alqm mit folg. bl. Konj., Caes. b. c. 3, 23, 3. Auct. b. Alex. 59, 3: litte-————ras (schriftliche Aufforderung) nuntiosque ad alqm mittere mit folg. ne u. Konj., Caes. b. G. 1, 26, 6: queri apud alqm per litteras mit folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic.: lex litteras iudicum signis obsignari iubet, Cic.: obstrepere alcis litteris, Cic.: litteras perferre, richtig bestellen, Caes.: ad me mihi exspectatissimae litterae perferuntur, Cic.: unis litteris totius aestatis res gestas perscribere, Cic.: praemisit mihi odiosas litteras hoc exemplo, Cic.: recitare alcis litteras, Cic.: recitatis litteris per (von) Xenarchum praetorem, Liv.: reddere alci litteras, einhändigen, Cic. u.a.: crebro regustare alcis litteras, Cic.: litteras Caesari remittit (er berichtet an C. zurück) m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Caes. b. G. 5, 47, 5: requirere alcis litteras, einen Br. von jmd. verlangen, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: litteras resignare, Cic.: rescribere ad eas litteras, ad eas ei litteras nihil, Cic.: alcis litteris respondere, brevi respondere, Cic.: litterae eorum decretis decumanorum remotae sunt, sind beiseite geschafft worden, Cic.: litteras alcis scindere (zerreißen), Cic.: litterae falsae, signo adulterino T. Quinctii signatae, Liv.: non nihil significabant (enthielt leise Andeutungen) tuae litterae m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., Cic. ep. 2, 13, 2: scribere litteras, Caes., ad alqm, Cic.: extemplo scribere litteras Romam, Liv.: de alqo ad alqm humanissimas litteras scribere, Cic.: litterae tam accurate scriptae, Cic. ep. ad Brut.: moderate et benigne scriptas esse censentes litteras, Liv.:————ita sunt litterae humaniter scriptae, Cic. fr.: litterae scriptae humanissime, Cic.: Vettius testatur litteris tuum impudentissimum furtum, Cic.: ad tuas venio litteras, ich komme nun auf deinen Br., Cic.: a te litterae non venerunt (sind angekommen), Cael. in Cic. ep.: dum tibi litterae meae veniant, Cic.: litterae Capuam ad Pompeium volare dicebantur, es hieß, ein Kurier mit einer Depesche sei nach K. zu P. geeilt, Cic. c) wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse od. Bildung, Wissenschaften, Gelehrsamkeit, wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung, wissenschaftliche Studien, Sprachstudium, Sprachwissenschaft, Literatur, litterarum cognitio et poëtarum, Cic.: litterarum scientia, Cic.: litterarum studium, Cic.: Graecarum litterarum doctor, Nep.: gymnasium litterarum, Sidon. epist. 1, 6, 2: civitas litterarum, Cassiod. var. 5, 22, 1. – litterae altiores, Plin.: communes (gewöhnliche w. K.), Cic.: domesticae, theoretische, wissensch. Bestrebungen (Ggstz. forenses artes, die praktischen auf dem Forum), Cic.: elementariae, Elementarkenntnisse, Capit.: Graecae, Latinae, Cic.: interiores, Cael. in Cic. ep.: interiores et reconditae, Cic.: oratoriae, Lact.: Graecorum penitissimae, Macr.: serviles, Sen.: vulgares, Cic. – cupidissimus litterarum, Nep.: litteris omnibus a pueritia deditus, Cic.: doctus Graecis litteris, Cic.: Graecis litteris eruditus, Cic.: eruditissimus et Graecis litteris et Latinis, Cic.: Graecarum litte-————rarum expers od. rudis, Nep.: communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis expers, Cic.: ignarus etiam servilium litterarum, der nicht einmal so viel Wissenschaften kennt wie ein Sklave, Sen.: litteris elementariis et calculo imbutus, im Lesen u. Schreiben u. im Rechnen unterrichtet, Capit.: perfectus in litteris, wissenschaftlich ausgebildet, Cic.: in primis studiosus litterarum, Nep.: litteris tinctus, einen Anstrich von wissensch. Bildung besitzend, Cic.: alter litterator fuit, alter litteras sciens, ein wissensch. gebildeter Mann, ein wirklicher Gelehrter, Gell. – abdere se litteris od. in litteras, Cic.: abest historia litteris nostris (unserer Literatur), Cic.: abhorrere a litteris, ab humanitate, für einen wirklich durchgebildeten Menschen sich nicht ziemen, Cic.: litteras amare, Nep.: litterarum studium arripere, sich auf die Beschäftigung mit den Wissenschaften werfen, Nep.: litteris confidere, sich bloß auf wissensch. Studien stützen, Vitr. 1, 1, 2 (vgl. oben no. II, B, 1): se per litteras consolari, Cic.: sine litteris contendere, ohne wissensch. Studium sich bemühen, Vitr.: illae scilicet litterae conticuerunt forenses et senatoriae, Cic.: dare se huic etiam generi litterarum, Cic.: huic studio litterarum penitus se dedere, Cic.: dedere se litteris, Cic.: dedere se litteris sermonique Persarum, Nep.: dedere se ad litteras memoriasque veteres, Gell.: delectari in litteris, Cic.: Graecas litteras (das Griechische) in se-————nectute didicisse, Cic.: in Bithynia oratorias litteras docere, Lact.: id litterae docent, das lernen wir durch die Sprachwissenschaft, Cic.: de Graecorum penitissimis litteris hanc historiam eruisse, Macr.: explicare alcis litteras, jmds. Studium betreiben, Cic.: philosophiam Latinis litteris illustrare, Cic.: litteris se involvere, Cic.: alqd Latinis litteris mandare, in die lat. Sprache od. Literatur übertragen, Cic. de fin. 1, 1. – nescire litteras, ohne gelehrte Kenntnisse (wissenschaftliche Bildung) sein, Cic. Brut. 259 (versch. von oben no. I): non eā re litteras quoque alias nescio, so bin ich doch deshalb sonst nicht ohne wissenschaftliche Bildung, Gell. 4, 1, 13: neque ullos versus neque ullas litteras nosse, irgend etwas Wissenschaftliches verstehen, Cic.: nunc mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina (Philosophie) prodest, Cic.: scire litteras, wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse besitzen, Cic. de fin. 2, 12 (versch. von oben no. I): u. so litterarum admodum nihil sciebat, wissenschaftl. Bildung besaß er gar nicht, Cic. Brut. 210: studere litteris, Cic.: aut litteris Graecis aut sermoni studere, Iustin.: erant in eo plurimae litterae nec eae vulgares, sed interiores quaedam et reconditae, Cic.: litteris sustentari et recreari, Cic.: omnia reliqua tempora litteris tribuere, Nep.: non nihil temporis tribuere litteris, Nep.: aut possem vivere, nisi in litteris viverem? Cic.: litteras vorare cum alqo, Cic. – ⇒ Die Schreibung————littera gew. in den besten Hdschrn. u. in Inschrn. (zB. Corp. inscr. Lat. 4, 1891; 5, 532, 2, 1; 6, 1751. Edict. Diocl. 7, 66; vgl. Brambach Hilfsb. S. 46); doch auch litera, s. Fleckeisen im Rhein. Mus. 8, 229.
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См. также в других словарях:
kraštas — krãštas sm. (4) 1. R, Sut, K, K.Būg krantas: Vežk rąstus į krãštą Nemuno J. Iki kito krašto upės tu nenuplauksi Vrb. Žuvis, ištraukta ant krašto, kvėpavo valandą ir nusibaigė S.Stan. Pasistatė gražią triobą ant pat upės krašto Grž. Tik mane… … Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language
Musterzeichner — Mụs|ter|zeich|ner 〈m. 3〉 Zeichner für Entwürfe von Mustern * * * Mụs|ter|zeich|ner, der: jmd., der Vorlagen für Druckstöcke o. Ä. zeichnet (Berufsbez.) * * * Mụs|ter|zeich|ner, der: jmd., der Vorlagen für Druckstöcke o. Ä. zeichnet (Berufsbez.) … Universal-Lexikon
nervimuscular — ner·vi·mus·cu·lar (nur″vĭ musґku lər) pertaining to the nerve supply of muscles … Medical dictionary
nervomuscular — ner·vo·mus·cu·lar (nur″vo musґku lər) nervimuscular … Medical dictionary
Nervismus — Ner|vis|mus der; <zu ↑...ismus> Lehre von der führenden Rolle des Nervensystems für alle im Organismus ablaufenden Prozesse … Das große Fremdwörterbuch
muskedonner — mus|ke|don|ner sb., en, e, ne (HISTORISK et gevær) … Dansk ordbog
a — acar·a·pis; ac·a·ri·a·sis; ac·a·ri·a·sis; ac·a·ri·na; ac·a·ri·nar·i·um; ac·a·rine; ac·a·ri·nol·o·gy; ac·a·ri·no·sis; ac·a·ro·ce·cid·i·um; ac·a·roid; ac·a·rol·o·gist; ac·a·rol·o·gy; ac·a·ro·pho·bia; ac·a·rus; acat·a·lep·sy; acat·a·lex·is;… … English syllables
širdis — širdìs sf. (3) K, Š, Rtr, DŽ, NdŽ; gen. sing. ès KlbIII77(Lkm, Tvr), LKGI226(Ktk, Sv, Lkm), LD266(Lkm, PIš, Ktk, Rš), GrvT17; nom. pl. šìrdes KlbIII77(Lkm, Tvr), LKGI226(Ktk, Sv, Lkm), LD266(Lkm, Plš, Ktk, Rš), LKKXI175(Zt); gen. pl. širdų̃… … Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language
žmogus — žmogùs sm. (4) KBII106, K, K.Būg, Š, DŽ, NdŽ, KŽ, žmõgus (2) Snt, Grš, Rdn, Eig; SD118, SD36, KlC31, SC13, R, R254, MŽ339, Sut, N, LL18, BzB342, žmogỹs (4) LzŽ, žmuõ DP459; CI1051, Q294, Lex53, KlG55, KlM58,184, Sut, žmuõj Lz; gen. sing.… … Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language
vieta — vietà sf. (2) KBII82, K, Š, BŽ56, FT, DŽ, KŽ, (4) DP175,473,620; H, H197, B981, R, R273, 287,337,339, MŽ, MŽ366,383,451,454, I, Sut, N, M, LL86 1. SD1123, SD252, J, L, NdŽ, ŽŪŽ120, LzŽ plotas, erdvė, kurioje kas yra ar vyksta: Visur purvai, nėr… … Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language
žemė — žẽmė sf. (2) KBII92, KII3, K, LsB266, K.Būg, Š, Rtr, RŽ, FrnW, KŽ; SD1215, SD452, H171, R122, MŽ, MŽ161, Sut, N, L, LL322 1. I, DŽ, NdŽ astr. penkta pagal dydį Saulės sistemos planeta, kurioje gyvename (tikrinis pavadinimas): Žemės apskritumas R … Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language
